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Long-term immunity and protection against SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 following homologous and heterologous mRNA and MVA vaccination

Source: Frontiers - Health • Published: 31 Aug 2026, 00:00

Long-term immunity and protection against SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 following homologous and heterologous mRNA and MVA vaccination

An animal comparison of long-term immune responses and protection from Omicron XBB.1.5 after different mRNA and MVA vaccine schedules and boosters.

Key Takeaways
  • Although mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated high efficacy
  • Mice received by intramuscular route homologous (mRNA/mRNA and MVA/MVA)
  • Whereas neutralizing antibody titers peaked early after the last vaccination and progressively declined
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