Research
Wearables & NearablesMarket Map
A structured view of the body-data frontier, mapping how wearables, nearables, ingestibles, and therapeutic devices turn physiology, behavior, sleep, movement, and environment into measurable health signals.
| Desired outcome | How and for whom | Relevant biomarkers, signals, and interventions | Products |
|---|---|---|---|
Detect cardiovascular deterioration early Trigger lifestyle, medication, clinical-review, or escalation decisions before rhythm or blood-pressure risk becomes acute. | Continuous or repeated tracking of rhythm, blood pressure, vascular, and vital-sign patterns to reveal clinically relevant change between appointments. Target group: Adults 40+, people with hypertension or arrhythmia risk, cardiology practices, remote patient monitoring teams. | ||
Improve sleep recovery and flag sleep-disorder risk Help users sleep better, recover more reliably, and identify when sleep-apnea or breathing issues need formal assessment. | Overnight sensing for sleep stages, breathing disturbance, apnea risk, recovery, bedroom context, and sleep-improvement interventions. Target group: Consumers optimizing recovery, sleep clinics, fatigue-focused clinicians, employers, athletes, and people with suspected sleep apnea. | ||
Personalize food, exercise, and medication around metabolic response Reduce glucose volatility, improve metabolic control, and make nutrition or therapy decisions based on individual response data. | Tracking glucose, fuel use, nutrition response, and related metabolic signals to connect meals, exercise, medication, and lifestyle to physiology. Target group: People with diabetes or prediabetes, metabolic-health consumers, longevity clinics, nutrition coaches, and digital therapeutics teams. | ||
Prevent overload and guide recovery behavior Detect stress accumulation early enough to adjust workload, sleep, breathing, recovery routines, or clinical support. | Combining autonomic, endocrine, and neural signals to estimate stress load, relaxation, cognitive effort, and recovery readiness. Target group: High performers, mental-health and stress-management programs, researchers, employers, and wellness consumers. | ||
Reduce fall risk and improve mobility confidence Spot gait decline, balance disruption, or movement symptoms early and support safer walking, rehab progress, or assistive cueing. | Movement and biomechanics sensing for mobility assessment, gait analysis, fall risk, rehabilitation, and assistive cueing. Target group: Older adults, neurological patients, rehabilitation clinics, Parkinson’s programs, sports medicine, and mobility-tech teams. | ||
Support fertility, pregnancy, and hormone-related care decisions Time conception efforts, monitor pregnancy signals, quantify symptoms, or guide reproductive-health conversations with better longitudinal data. | Cycle, fertility, pregnancy, pelvic-floor, lactation, and menopause sensing across intimate, wearable, and nearable products. Target group: Women tracking fertility or cycle health, pregnant patients, menopause programs, pelvic-health clinicians, and femtech platforms. | ||
Prevent dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and heat strain Guide fluid, sodium, rest, and cooling decisions before performance drops or heat exposure becomes unsafe. | Sweat and temperature-linked sensing for fluid loss, electrolyte replacement, heat stress, and performance or workplace safety decisions. Target group: Athletes, military and industrial teams, occupational health programs, coaches, and heat-exposed workers. | ||
Reduce harmful environmental and workplace exposure Identify exposure hotspots and change behavior, workspace design, protective equipment, or policy before cumulative harm builds. | Personal or near-body monitoring of air quality, gases, particulate exposure, noise, and other environmental risks. Target group: Workplace safety teams, people with respiratory sensitivity, urban-health researchers, insurers, and environmental-health programs. | ||
Prevent ulcers and monitor wound healing earlier Detect inflammation, temperature asymmetry, or wound deterioration early enough to intervene before complications escalate. | Local sensing and imaging for foot temperature asymmetry, wound status, infection risk, skin exposure, and healing progression. Target group: Diabetic-foot programs, wound-care teams, dermatology and podiatry clinics, home-care providers, and at-risk older adults. | ||
Reduce pain episodes and symptom burden Lower migraine or chronic-pain symptom burden, reduce medication reliance where appropriate, and give patients a non-drug intervention option they can use at home. | Wearable neuromodulation products that deliver targeted electrical stimulation and track symptom response for migraine, fibromyalgia, or other pain-related conditions. Target group: People with migraine or chronic pain, neurologists, pain clinics, digital therapeutics programs, and consumers seeking non-pharmacological relief options. | ||
Deliver or adjust therapy at the right moment Improve symptom control, adherence, safety, or independence by delivering insulin, stimulation, cues, amplification, or robotic assistance when needed. | On-body or near-body systems that deliver, modulate, cue, or log interventions such as insulin, stimulation, audio amplification, and robotic assistance. Target group: Patients using connected therapies, clinicians managing chronic conditions, rehab teams, migraine/pain programs, and assistive-tech users. | ||
Identify digestive triggers and guide GI workups Connect symptoms, food response, gas patterns, pH, pressure, or transit data to diet changes, diagnostics, or clinical treatment decisions. | Breath, ingestible, and digestive sensing for gas profiles, pH, pressure, temperature, transit, fermentation, and symptom context. Target group: GI clinics, digestive-health consumers, food-intolerance programs, motility specialists, and microbiome or nutrition researchers. |
| Wearables that monitor cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, and clinical safety signals for diagnosis, screening, or remote patient monitoring. | Cardiovascular and vascularRespiratory and sleepNeurological and neuromuscularMusculoskeletal and biomechanicsSkin, wound, and dermatologyEnvironmental exposureTherapeutic output and device control | AFib / arrhythmia indicationblood pressurediastolic blood pressureECG waveformfall eventsheart rateheart rhythmoxygen saturation / SpO2peripheral arterial tonePPG waveformpulse pressurepulse ratesystolic blood pressureactigraphyairflowbody positionHappy Health Apnea Hypopnea Index / hAHIrespiratory effortrespiratory ratesleep apnea eventssleep durationsleep stagessnoringtotal sleep timebradykinesiaconvulsive seizure eventsdyskinesiaelectrodermal activitymedication response patternstremoractivitybed exitmotionmovementpostureskin temperatureambient lightearly warning scorepatient deterioration alert | 22 | |
| Personal or near-body devices that quantify environmental exposures such as air quality, noise, temperature, and workplace hazards. | Environmental exposure | ambient temperaturebarometric pressurecarbon dioxidecarbon monoxideformaldehydehumiditylightmold indexnitrogen dioxidenoise doseNOxozoneparticulate matterPM1PM10PM2.5radonsound leveltime-weighted noise exposurevirus indexVOCs | 7 | |
| Head, eye, ear, and brain interfaces that capture neural, ocular, auditory, camera, or interaction signals. | Cardiovascular and vascularRespiratory and sleepNeurological and neuromuscularSensory, imaging, and interaction signalsTherapeutic output and device control | heart ratePPG waveformsleep architecturesleep stagesslow-wave sleepbody positionbrain activitybrain-age estimatecognitive effortcognitive trendconcentration stateEEGEEG waveformEMGEOGfNIRS cerebral hemodynamic signalhead movementneurofeedback stateneurological event patternrelaxation statevigilance stateaudio environmentintraocular pressure patternocular dimensional changeaudio amplification | 10 | |
| Ingestible, breath, and textile-based products that measure gut gases, GI conditions, transit, imaging, or digestive responses. | Sensory, imaging, and interaction signalsTherapeutic output and device control | GI camera imagesvibration therapy | 8 | |
| Body-worn or intimate devices focused on fertility, pregnancy, pelvic floor, lactation, menstrual, and menopause-related physiology. | Cardiovascular and vascularRespiratory and sleepReproductive and hormonalMusculoskeletal and biomechanicsSkin, wound, and dermatology | fetal heart rateheart rateheart-rate variabilitymaternal heart rateresting pulsebreathing ratesleep durationcore body temperaturecup fill levelfertile windowfertile-window signalFSHhormone signalhot flashesmenstrual blood biomarkersmenstrual flow volumemilk volumeovulation temperature shiftpelvic-floor forceperfusionpump session timinguterine activityvaginal pHexercise performancemotioninflammation signalskin temperature | 15 | |
| Consumer watches, rings, straps, and garments that continuously track general health, recovery, sleep, and fitness physiology. | Cardiovascular and vascularRespiratory and sleepNeurological and neuromuscularReproductive and hormonalMusculoskeletal and biomechanicsSkin, wound, and dermatologyTherapeutic output and device control | accelerometryECG waveformheart rateheart rhythmheart-rate variabilityoxygen saturation / SpO2R-R intervalsvascular health trendsrespiratory ratesleep apnea indicatorssleep durationsleep stagesstress scoremenstrual cycle contextactivityposturestep countskin temperaturevibration alert | 18 | |
| Wearables and near-body sensors that quantify glucose, sweat, breath, saliva, hormones, nutrition, and other biochemical or metabolic signals. | Respiratory and sleepNutrition intake and eating behaviorReproductive and hormonalMusculoskeletal and biomechanicsSkin, wound, and dermatology | sleep durationbite eventscalorie intakeeating behavioreating speedfood intakemacronutrientsmeal timingmicronutrientsportion sizehormone signalactivityskin temperature | 23 | |
| Foot, leg, and body-worn systems that assess gait, balance, walking patterns, mobility disruption, and movement support. | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | activitybalancefreezing of gaitgaitgait disruptionsgait eventshaptic feedbackwalking patternwalking speed | 1 | |
| Bed-integrated, under-mattress, bedside, and room-based systems that monitor sleep, recovery, breathing, overnight physiology, or clinical bed status without being worn on the body. | Cardiovascular and vascularRespiratory and sleepMusculoskeletal and biomechanicsEnvironmental exposureTherapeutic output and device control | heart rateheart-rate variabilitybreath ratebreathing disturbancesbreathing raterespiration raterespiratory ratesleep apnea eventssleep disturbancessleep durationsleep efficiencysleep quality scoresleep stagessnoringbed exitbed occupancybed presencemovementambient lightambient temperaturebarometric pressurebed temperaturebedroom temperaturehumiditylight exposuresound levelsnoring responsesupport adjustmenttemperature regulation outputvibration alarm | 8 | |
| Smart garments, socks, insoles, patches, and imaging tools focused on skin, feet, wounds, pressure, UV, and textile-based sensing. | Musculoskeletal and biomechanicsSkin, wound, and dermatology | activitycadencefoot contact timefoot strikegaitimpact forcemotionplantar pressurebacterial fluorescenceelectrical impedancefoot temperatureinflammation signalthermal imageUV exposurewound areawound statuswound temperature | 9 | |
| Wearable systems that deliver therapy, stimulation, insulin, robotic assistance, haptics, or device-control output. | Cardiovascular and vascularRespiratory and sleepNeurological and neuromuscularMusculoskeletal and biomechanicsTherapeutic output and device control | heart-rate variabilitysleep qualitybrain activityEEGfatiguerelaxation responsegaitjoint movementrobotic assistance levelstep countauricular vagus nerve stimulationbasal insulin ratebolus insulin deliverybolus insulin eventelectrical stimulationinsulin deliverymealtime insulin dosemigraine symptom responsepain symptom responseremote electrical neuromodulationtranscranial electrical stimulationtreatment response | 14 |
BiomarkerSignalIntervention | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
accelerometry | Cardiovascular and vascular | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A cardiovascular measure or derived cardiac/vascular state, usually interpreted from ECG, optical pulse, pressure, or rhythm algorithms. | Cardiac risk context, rhythm review, vascular trend tracking, recovery interpretation, and escalation to clinical review where appropriate. | 1 |
actigraphy | Respiratory and sleep | Device-dependent validation | movement counts / epoch | Overnight / daily | Sleep and rest/activity pattern inferred from small body movements, usually from wrist, finger, or sleep-test sensors. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep quality, sleep-disordered breathing screening, respiratory trend monitoring, and recovery or fatigue interpretation. | 3 |
activity | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | count, speed, force, or pattern | Continuous / repeated | Body movement, position, posture, or activity intensity from inertial sensors and wearable algorithms. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Gait assessment, rehab progress, mobility risk context, sports technique feedback, and assistive device control. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 11 |
AFib / arrhythmia indication | Cardiovascular and vascular | Clinical / regulated use | rhythm class / waveform | Product-dependent | An algorithmic rhythm finding derived from ECG waveform or continuous pulse/rhythm data, indicating possible atrial fibrillation or another arrhythmia pattern. Examples: multi-day adhesive ECG patch, single-lead smartwatch ECG, six-lead handheld ECG. | Rhythm documentation, AFib/arrhythmia screening, ambulatory cardiac diagnostics, and escalation to clinical review when a trace is suspicious. Examples: AFib screening, ambulatory arrhythmia workup, clinician-review trace. | 5 |
| Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
airflow | Respiratory and sleep | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A breathing, oxygenation, sleep, or overnight physiology measure inferred from motion, optical, respiratory, or electrophysiology sensors. | Sleep quality, sleep-disordered breathing screening, respiratory trend monitoring, and recovery or fatigue interpretation. | 1 |
| Product-dependent evidence | concentration or panel | Continuous / repeated | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
ambient light | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | An exposure level or environmental event near the wearer, such as air quality, gas, sound, odor, temperature, or workplace dose. Examples: indoor radon/VOC level, occupational noise dose, personal air-quality reading. | Personal exposure logging, workplace compliance, indoor-air-quality action, and environmental risk attribution. Examples: exposure attribution, indoor-air action, workplace compliance. | 2 |
ambient temperature | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | deg C | Continuous / repeated | Air temperature near the person or workplace environment, captured by a personal or nearable exposure monitor. Examples: ambient air temperature near the wearer, indoor or workplace temperature trend. | Heat/cold exposure context, workplace safety interpretation, indoor-air-quality context, and environmental risk attribution. Examples: heat/cold exposure context, indoor-air action, workplace safety. | 7 |
audio amplification | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | score / category | Session / event-based | A device output that amplifies and shapes sound for the wearer, usually tuned for mild-to-moderate hearing support. | Hearing support, speech audibility, situational awareness, and verification that the glasses are delivering an amplification setting rather than measuring a health biomarker. | 1 |
audio environment | Sensory, imaging, and interaction signals | Product-dependent evidence | dB or audio class | Session / event-based | Ambient sound context around the wearer, such as loudness, speech/noise class, or audio-scene category. | Hands-free interaction, hearing or context-aware features, environmental audio awareness, and AI assistant input. | 1 |
auricular vagus nerve stimulation | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | event / state | Session / event-based | A device output or therapy event, such as insulin dose/delivery, electrical stimulation, haptic feedback, or neuromodulation session. Examples: assistance or haptic-output level, dose event, stimulation session. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: brain-computer interface control, seizure detection, sleep staging. | 1 |
bacterial fluorescence | Skin, wound, and dermatology | Clinical / regulated use | image / area | Product-dependent | Image-derived data from optical, thermal, capsule-camera, or fluorescence capture. Examples: bacterial fluorescence signal, wound fluorescence image. | Diabetic-foot monitoring, wound healing/infection triage, dermatology/UV behavior feedback, and chronic-wound follow-up. Examples: diabetic-foot monitoring, sun-exposure behavior, wound infection triage. | 1 |
balance | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | pattern, count, or state | Product-dependent | A movement, force, gait, balance, posture, or interaction pattern measured by motion sensors, pressure sensors, footwear, or robotic systems. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Mobility assessment, Parkinsonian gait/freezing detection, fall-risk context, rehab progress, and cueing or robotic assistance. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 1 |
barometric pressure | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | count, speed, force, or pattern | Continuous / repeated | Mechanical load, pressure, or force on a sensor surface, such as foot pressure, pelvic-floor force, GI capsule pressure, or haptic force. Examples: indoor radon/VOC level, occupational noise dose, personal air-quality reading. | Personal exposure logging, workplace compliance, indoor-air-quality action, and environmental risk attribution. Examples: exposure attribution, indoor-air action, workplace compliance. | 6 |
basal insulin rate | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | U/hour | Continuous / repeated | A device output or therapy event, such as insulin dose/delivery, electrical stimulation, haptic feedback, or neuromodulation session. Examples: assistance or haptic-output level, dose event, stimulation session. | Closed-loop or on-body therapy, symptom relief, assistive control, rehabilitation support, and product output verification. Examples: assistive control, closed-loop therapy, symptom relief. | 4 |
bed exit | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | event / state | Product-dependent | A transition out of bed or bed-exit event, used as a safety signal in clinical and elder-care monitoring. | Caregiver safety workflows, bed-exit alerts, adherence/context checks, and distinguishing in-bed sleep data from out-of-bed periods. | 3 |
bed occupancy | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | present / absent | Product-dependent | Whether a person is present in bed, inferred from pressure, motion, radar, or under-mattress sensor signals. | Caregiver safety workflows, bed-exit alerts, adherence/context checks, and distinguishing in-bed sleep data from out-of-bed periods. | 1 |
bed presence | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | present / absent | Product-dependent | Whether a person is present in bed, inferred from pressure, motion, radar, or under-mattress sensor signals. | Caregiver safety workflows, bed-exit alerts, adherence/context checks, and distinguishing in-bed sleep data from out-of-bed periods. | 3 |
bed temperature | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | deg C | Continuous / repeated | Sleep-environment context captured by bed, bedside, or room sensors, such as mattress temperature, bedroom temperature, or light level. Examples: skin temperature trend, skin/wound pH strip or patch, wound thermal image. | Understanding environmental contributors to sleep quality and driving room, bedding, or temperature-control recommendations. | 1 |
bedroom temperature | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | deg C | Continuous / repeated | Sleep-environment context captured by bed, bedside, or room sensors, such as mattress temperature, bedroom temperature, or light level. Examples: skin temperature trend, skin/wound pH strip or patch, wound thermal image. | Understanding environmental contributors to sleep quality and driving room, bedding, or temperature-control recommendations. | 1 |
bite events | Nutrition intake and eating behavior | Emerging / research-heavy | event / state | Session / event-based | Eating behavior or nutrition signal, such as bite count, bite speed, meal timing, portion size, calories, or nutrient category. Examples: bite count, meal timing, portion-size estimate. | Meal awareness, slower eating, portion coaching, nutrient-pattern feedback, and metabolic-health behavior change. Examples: nutrition-pattern feedback, portion awareness, slower eating coaching. | 1 |
blood pressure | Cardiovascular and vascular | Clinical / regulated use | mmHg | Continuous / repeated | Systolic/diastolic arterial pressure, either cuff-based or estimated continuously/cufflessly from optical and timing signals. Examples: cuffless optical pulse-wave estimate, inflatable wrist cuff pressure, nighttime BP trend. | Hypertension tracking, medication/lifestyle response, nighttime BP patterns, and cardiovascular risk management without repeated cuff readings. Examples: hypertension follow-up, medication response, nocturnal BP monitoring. | 5 |
body position | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | Body movement, position, posture, or activity intensity from inertial sensors and wearable algorithms. | Neurological monitoring, movement-disorder assessment, brain/body interface control, sleep staging, cognitive load, or neuromodulation feedback. | 2 |
bolus insulin delivery | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | U or dose event | Session / event-based | A device output or therapy event, such as insulin dose/delivery, electrical stimulation, haptic feedback, or neuromodulation session. Examples: assistance or haptic-output level, dose event, stimulation session. | Closed-loop or on-body therapy, symptom relief, assistive control, rehabilitation support, and product output verification. Examples: assistive control, closed-loop therapy, symptom relief. | 2 |
bolus insulin event | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | U or dose event | Session / event-based | A device output or therapy event, such as insulin dose/delivery, electrical stimulation, haptic feedback, or neuromodulation session. Examples: assistance or haptic-output level, dose event, stimulation session. | Closed-loop or on-body therapy, symptom relief, assistive control, rehabilitation support, and product output verification. Examples: assistive control, closed-loop therapy, symptom relief. | 3 |
bradykinesia | Neurological and neuromuscular | Device-dependent validation | score, severity, or event state | Continuous / repeated | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. | Neurological monitoring, movement-disorder assessment, brain/body interface control, sleep staging, cognitive load, or neuromodulation feedback. | 1 |
brain activity | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | waveform / derived metric | Continuous / repeated | Body movement, position, posture, or activity intensity from inertial sensors and wearable algorithms. Examples: in-ear EEG electrodes, muscle activation waveform, scalp EEG channels. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 3 |
brain-age estimate | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. Examples: in-ear EEG electrodes, muscle activation waveform, scalp EEG channels. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: brain-computer interface control, seizure detection, sleep staging. | 1 |
| Product-dependent evidence | ppm or % | Continuous / repeated | Gas concentration or event signal from breath, ingestible capsules, or flatus sensing, especially hydrogen, methane, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. Examples: breath hydrogen/methane, GI gas concentration profile, ingestible gas capsule reading. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
| Product-dependent evidence | ppm or % | Continuous / repeated | Gas concentration or event signal from breath, ingestible capsules, or flatus sensing, especially hydrogen, methane, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. Examples: breath hydrogen/methane, GI gas concentration profile, ingestible gas capsule reading. | Food intolerance workups, GI motility assessment, fermentation response, capsule diagnostics, and digestive-behavior feedback. Examples: fermentation response, food intolerance assessment, motility testing. | 1 | ||
| Product-dependent evidence | ppm or % | Continuous / repeated | Gas concentration or event signal from breath, ingestible capsules, or flatus sensing, especially hydrogen, methane, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. Examples: breath hydrogen/methane, GI gas concentration profile, ingestible gas capsule reading. | Food intolerance workups, GI motility assessment, fermentation response, capsule diagnostics, and digestive-behavior feedback. Examples: fermentation response, food intolerance assessment, motility testing. | 1 | ||
breath rate | Respiratory and sleep | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Spot check / episode | Gas concentration or event signal from breath, ingestible capsules, or flatus sensing, especially hydrogen, methane, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. Examples: breath hydrogen/methane, GI gas concentration profile, ingestible gas capsule reading. | Sleep quality, sleep-disordered breathing screening, respiratory trend monitoring, and recovery or fatigue interpretation. | 1 |
breathing disturbances | Respiratory and sleep | Product-dependent evidence | event / state | Spot check / episode | Breaths per minute or breathing-pattern signal from chest motion, impedance, ECG-derived respiration, or wearable algorithms. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep apnea screening, respiratory compromise detection, cardiorespiratory trend monitoring, and recovery/sleep interpretation. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 1 |
breathing rate | Respiratory and sleep | Product-dependent evidence | per minute | Spot check / episode | Breaths per minute or breathing-pattern signal from chest motion, impedance, ECG-derived respiration, or wearable algorithms. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep apnea screening, respiratory compromise detection, cardiorespiratory trend monitoring, and recovery/sleep interpretation. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 4 |
cadence | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | count, speed, force, or pattern | Product-dependent | Walking rhythm, step timing, cadence, speed, interruptions, or gait-event sequence from foot, shoe, insole, or body sensors. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Gait assessment, rehab progress, mobility risk context, sports technique feedback, and assistive device control. | 4 |
calorie intake | Nutrition intake and eating behavior | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | Eating behavior or nutrition signal, such as bite count, bite speed, meal timing, portion size, calories, or nutrient category. Examples: bite count, meal timing, portion-size estimate. | Meal awareness, slower eating, portion coaching, nutrient-pattern feedback, and metabolic-health behavior change. Examples: nutrition-pattern feedback, portion awareness, slower eating coaching. | 1 |
carbon dioxide | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm or % | Continuous / repeated | An exposure level or environmental event near the wearer, such as air quality, gas, sound, odor, temperature, or workplace dose. | Exposure attribution, occupational safety, indoor-air decisions, environmental behavior change, and compliance documentation. | 5 |
carbon monoxide | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | Personal environmental exposure near the wearer, such as air pollutants, radon, humidity, sound level, or occupational noise dose. Examples: indoor radon/VOC level, occupational noise dose, personal air-quality reading. | Personal exposure logging, workplace compliance, indoor-air-quality action, and environmental risk attribution. Examples: exposure attribution, indoor-air action, workplace compliance. | 3 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Product-dependent | Electrolyte concentration or sodium loss, commonly from sweat patches and, in fertility products, cervical-fluid conductivity. Examples: electrolyte concentration, sodium loss, sweat rate. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. Examples: athlete fueling, fluid replacement, heat-risk prevention. | 1 | ||
cognitive effort | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. Examples: in-ear EEG electrodes, muscle activation waveform, scalp EEG channels. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: brain-computer interface control, seizure detection, sleep staging. | 1 |
cognitive trend | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. Examples: in-ear EEG electrodes, muscle activation waveform, scalp EEG channels. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: brain-computer interface control, seizure detection, sleep staging. | 1 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | score / category | Continuous / repeated | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. Examples: electrolyte concentration, sodium loss, sweat rate. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. Examples: athlete fueling, fluid replacement, heat-risk prevention. | 1 | ||
concentration state | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. | Neurological monitoring, movement-disorder assessment, brain/body interface control, sleep staging, cognitive load, or neuromodulation feedback. | 1 |
convulsive seizure events | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | event / state | Session / event-based | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: brain-computer interface control, seizure detection, sleep staging. | 1 |
core body temperature | Reproductive and hormonal | Device-dependent validation | deg C | Continuous / repeated | Continuous or repeated core/vaginal temperature trend used as a reproductive or ovulation-related physiological signal. Examples: overnight core/vaginal temperature trend, ovulation-related temperature shift. | Ovulation estimation, fertile-window timing, cycle-context interpretation, and reproductive-health trend tracking. Examples: cycle-context tracking, fertile-window estimate, ovulation timing. | 3 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Spot check / episode | Free or total cortisol signal from sweat, saliva, or interstitial-fluid molecular sensing. Examples: interstitial-fluid analyte trend, saliva hormone concentration, sweat molecular signal. | Stress-state profiling, endocrine rhythm monitoring, intervention response, and high-frequency molecular research. Examples: circadian/endocrine tracking, intervention response, stress-state profiling. | 4 | ||
cup fill level | Reproductive and hormonal | Product-dependent evidence | mL or fill level | Product-dependent | Reproductive or lactation flow/volume signal, such as menstrual fill level, menstrual biomarkers, milk volume, or pump session timing. | Fertility estimation, pregnancy monitoring, cycle tracking, pelvic-floor training, lactation support, or menopause symptom tracking. | 1 |
diastolic blood pressure | Cardiovascular and vascular | Clinical / regulated use | mmHg | Continuous / repeated | Systolic/diastolic arterial pressure, either cuff-based or estimated continuously/cufflessly from optical and timing signals. Examples: cuffless optical pulse-wave estimate, inflatable wrist cuff pressure, nighttime BP trend. | Hypertension tracking, medication/lifestyle response, nighttime BP patterns, and cardiovascular risk management without repeated cuff readings. Examples: hypertension follow-up, medication response, nocturnal BP monitoring. | 5 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | score / category | Continuous / repeated | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. Examples: electrolyte concentration, sodium loss, sweat rate. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. Examples: athlete fueling, fluid replacement, heat-risk prevention. | 1 | ||
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration or panel | Product-dependent | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 2 | ||
dyskinesia | Neurological and neuromuscular | Device-dependent validation | score, severity, or event state | Continuous / repeated | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. | Neurological monitoring, movement-disorder assessment, brain/body interface control, sleep staging, cognitive load, or neuromodulation feedback. | 1 |
early warning score | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | event / state | Session / event-based | Composite clinical alert state derived from contactless vital-sign trends, movement, and bed-status changes. | Hospital and remote-monitoring escalation, earlier detection of deterioration, and prioritizing clinical review from contactless trend data. | 1 |
eating behavior | Nutrition intake and eating behavior | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | An eating behavior, intake, meal-timing, or nutrition-pattern signal inferred from utensil, motion, app, or sensor interaction data. Examples: bite count, meal timing, portion-size estimate. | Meal awareness, slower eating, portion coaching, nutrient-pattern feedback, and metabolic-health behavior change. Examples: nutrition-pattern feedback, portion awareness, slower eating coaching. | 1 |
eating speed | Nutrition intake and eating behavior | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | An eating behavior, intake, meal-timing, or nutrition-pattern signal inferred from utensil, motion, app, or sensor interaction data. Examples: bite count, meal timing, portion-size estimate. | Meal awareness, slower eating, portion coaching, nutrient-pattern feedback, and metabolic-health behavior change. Examples: nutrition-pattern feedback, portion awareness, slower eating coaching. | 1 |
ECG waveform | Cardiovascular and vascular | Clinical / regulated use | waveform / derived metric | Spot check / episode | A time-series electrical heart trace, usually single-lead in watches/handhelds or multi-day ambulatory ECG in patches. Examples: multi-day adhesive ECG patch, single-lead smartwatch ECG, six-lead handheld ECG. | Rhythm documentation, AFib/arrhythmia screening, ambulatory cardiac diagnostics, and escalation to clinical review when a trace is suspicious. Examples: AFib screening, ambulatory arrhythmia workup, clinician-review trace. | 11 |
EEG | Neurological and neuromuscular | Device-dependent validation | waveform / derived metric | Continuous / repeated | Brain electrical activity from scalp, forehead, headband, in-ear, or cap electrodes. Examples: in-ear EEG electrodes, muscle activation waveform, scalp EEG channels. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: brain-computer interface control, seizure detection, sleep staging. | 7 |
EEG waveform | Neurological and neuromuscular | Device-dependent validation | waveform / derived metric | Continuous / repeated | Brain electrical activity from scalp, forehead, headband, in-ear, or cap electrodes. Examples: in-ear EEG electrodes, muscle activation waveform, scalp EEG channels. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: brain-computer interface control, seizure detection, sleep staging. | 2 |
electrical impedance | Skin, wound, and dermatology | Product-dependent evidence | ohms | Continuous / repeated | Electrical opposition across tissue or a wound site, used as a local proxy for moisture, healing state, or tissue condition. | Wound follow-up, diabetic-foot risk monitoring, skin condition tracking, infection triage, and UV or dermatology behavior feedback. | 1 |
electrical stimulation | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | event / state | Session / event-based | A device output or therapy event, such as insulin dose/delivery, electrical stimulation, haptic feedback, or neuromodulation session. Examples: assistance or haptic-output level, dose event, stimulation session. | Closed-loop or on-body therapy, symptom relief, assistive control, rehabilitation support, and product output verification. Examples: assistive control, closed-loop therapy, symptom relief. | 2 |
electrodermal activity | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | count, speed, force, or pattern | Continuous / repeated | Body movement, position, posture, or activity intensity from inertial sensors and wearable algorithms. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Neurological monitoring, movement-disorder assessment, brain/body interface control, sleep staging, cognitive load, or neuromodulation feedback. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 2 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Product-dependent | Electrolyte concentration or sodium loss, commonly from sweat patches and, in fertility products, cervical-fluid conductivity. Examples: electrolyte concentration, sodium loss, sweat rate. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. Examples: athlete fueling, fluid replacement, heat-risk prevention. | 5 | ||
EMG | Neurological and neuromuscular | Device-dependent validation | waveform / derived metric | Continuous / repeated | Muscle electrical activation from wrist, face, ear, limb, or body electrodes. Examples: in-ear EEG electrodes, muscle activation waveform, scalp EEG channels. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: brain-computer interface control, seizure detection, sleep staging. | 1 |
EOG | Neurological and neuromuscular | Device-dependent validation | waveform / derived metric | Continuous / repeated | Eye-movement electrical potential, often captured alongside EEG/EMG in sleep or neurotechnology devices. Examples: in-ear EEG electrodes, muscle activation waveform, scalp EEG channels. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: brain-computer interface control, seizure detection, sleep staging. | 1 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Product-dependent | Catecholamine stress-hormone signal captured by experimental sweat or molecular biosensors. Examples: interstitial-fluid analyte trend, saliva hormone concentration, sweat molecular signal. | Stress-state profiling, endocrine rhythm monitoring, intervention response, and high-frequency molecular research. Examples: circadian/endocrine tracking, intervention response, stress-state profiling. | 1 | ||
exercise performance | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | pattern, count, or state | Product-dependent | A movement, force, gait, balance, posture, or interaction pattern measured by motion sensors, pressure sensors, footwear, or robotic systems. | Gait assessment, rehab progress, mobility risk context, sports technique feedback, and assistive device control. | 2 |
| Clinical / regulated use | mg/dL or mmol/L input | Continuous / repeated | Glucose values imported from a compatible continuous glucose monitor and used by a pump/controller; this is not measured by the insulin-delivery device itself. Examples: high/low event flag, interstitial glucose mg/dL or mmol/L, trend arrow. | Automated insulin-delivery decisions, safety limits, dosing adaptation, and remote follow-up when a pump/controller is paired with a compatible CGM. Examples: diabetes management, food-response feedback, high/low glucose alerting. | 3 | ||
fall events | Cardiovascular and vascular | Device-dependent validation | event / state | Session / event-based | A detected fall-like motion event from accelerometer/gyroscope patterns and posture change. | Cardiac risk context, rhythm review, vascular trend tracking, recovery interpretation, and escalation to clinical review where appropriate. | 1 |
fatigue | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | score, severity, or event state | Continuous / repeated | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. | Neurological monitoring, movement-disorder assessment, brain/body interface control, sleep staging, cognitive load, or neuromodulation feedback. | 1 |
| Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | Gas concentration or event signal from breath, ingestible capsules, or flatus sensing, especially hydrogen, methane, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. Examples: breath hydrogen/methane, GI gas concentration profile, ingestible gas capsule reading. | Food intolerance workups, GI motility assessment, fermentation response, capsule diagnostics, and digestive-behavior feedback. Examples: fermentation response, food intolerance assessment, motility testing. | 1 | ||
fertile window | Reproductive and hormonal | Product-dependent evidence | date window / probability | Overnight / daily | A fertility, cycle, pregnancy, pelvic-floor, lactation, menstrual, or menopause-related state or analyte. | Fertility-window estimation, pregnancy surveillance, pelvic-floor training, menstrual tracking, lactation support, and menopause symptom monitoring. Examples: fertile-window estimate, menopause symptom tracking, pregnancy monitoring. | 1 |
fertile-window signal | Reproductive and hormonal | Product-dependent evidence | date window / probability | Overnight / daily | A fertility, cycle, pregnancy, pelvic-floor, lactation, menstrual, or menopause-related state or analyte. | Fertility-window estimation, pregnancy surveillance, pelvic-floor training, menstrual tracking, lactation support, and menopause symptom monitoring. Examples: fertile-window estimate, menopause symptom tracking, pregnancy monitoring. | 1 |
fetal heart rate | Cardiovascular and vascular | Clinical / regulated use | per minute | Continuous / repeated | Pregnancy monitoring signal such as fetal heart rate, maternal heart rate, or uterine contraction activity. Examples: finger pulse waveform, green/red/infrared optical sensing, ring or watch optical pulse intervals. | Readiness/recovery scoring, training load, stress/autonomic trends, sleep context, and basic vital-sign monitoring. Examples: recovery score, training load, vital-sign trend. | 2 |
| Product-dependent evidence | ppm or % | Continuous / repeated | Gas concentration or event signal from breath, ingestible capsules, or flatus sensing, especially hydrogen, methane, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. Examples: breath hydrogen/methane, GI gas concentration profile, ingestible gas capsule reading. | Food intolerance workups, GI motility assessment, fermentation response, capsule diagnostics, and digestive-behavior feedback. Examples: fermentation response, food intolerance assessment, motility testing. | 1 | ||
| Product-dependent evidence | mL/h or L | Product-dependent | Sweat volume/rate plus inferred fluid loss and hydration state during training, heat, or work exposure. Examples: electrolyte concentration, sodium loss, sweat rate. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. Examples: athlete fueling, fluid replacement, heat-risk prevention. | 4 | ||
fNIRS cerebral hemodynamic signal | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. | Neurological monitoring, movement-disorder assessment, brain/body interface control, sleep staging, cognitive load, or neuromodulation feedback. | 1 |
| Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
food intake | Nutrition intake and eating behavior | Emerging / research-heavy | score / category | Product-dependent | Eating behavior or nutrition signal, such as bite count, bite speed, meal timing, portion size, calories, or nutrient category. Examples: bite count, meal timing, portion-size estimate. | Meal awareness, slower eating, portion coaching, nutrient-pattern feedback, and metabolic-health behavior change. Examples: nutrition-pattern feedback, portion awareness, slower eating coaching. | 1 |
foot contact time | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A movement, force, gait, balance, posture, or interaction pattern measured by motion sensors, pressure sensors, footwear, or robotic systems. | Gait assessment, rehab progress, mobility risk context, sports technique feedback, and assistive device control. | 1 |
foot strike | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | pattern, count, or state | Product-dependent | A movement, force, gait, balance, posture, or interaction pattern measured by motion sensors, pressure sensors, footwear, or robotic systems. | Gait assessment, rehab progress, mobility risk context, sports technique feedback, and assistive device control. | 1 |
foot temperature | Skin, wound, and dermatology | Device-dependent validation | deg C | Continuous / repeated | Local foot-skin temperature, often compared left-versus-right to detect inflammation risk in diabetic-foot monitoring. Examples: diabetic-foot temperature trend, left/right foot temperature difference. | Diabetic-foot inflammation risk monitoring, left/right asymmetry follow-up, and early ulcer-prevention workflows. Examples: diabetic-foot monitoring, temperature asymmetry follow-up, ulcer-prevention workflow. | 2 |
formaldehyde | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | An exposure level or environmental event near the wearer, such as air quality, gas, sound, odor, temperature, or workplace dose. | Exposure attribution, occupational safety, indoor-air decisions, environmental behavior change, and compliance documentation. | 1 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Spot check / episode | Free or total cortisol signal from sweat, saliva, or interstitial-fluid molecular sensing. Examples: interstitial-fluid analyte trend, saliva hormone concentration, sweat molecular signal. | Stress-state profiling, endocrine rhythm monitoring, intervention response, and high-frequency molecular research. Examples: circadian/endocrine tracking, intervention response, stress-state profiling. | 1 | ||
freezing of gait | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Device-dependent validation | count, speed, force, or pattern | Continuous / repeated | Walking rhythm, step timing, cadence, speed, interruptions, or gait-event sequence from foot, shoe, insole, or body sensors. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Mobility assessment, Parkinsonian gait/freezing detection, fall-risk context, rehab progress, and cueing or robotic assistance. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 1 |
FSH | Reproductive and hormonal | Emerging / research-heavy | concentration or panel | Product-dependent | A fertility, cycle, pregnancy, pelvic-floor, lactation, menstrual, or menopause-related state or analyte. | Fertility-window estimation, pregnancy surveillance, pelvic-floor training, menstrual tracking, lactation support, and menopause symptom monitoring. Examples: fertile-window estimate, menopause symptom tracking, pregnancy monitoring. | 1 |
gait | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Device-dependent validation | count, speed, force, or pattern | Continuous / repeated | Walking rhythm, step timing, cadence, speed, interruptions, or gait-event sequence from foot, shoe, insole, or body sensors. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Mobility assessment, Parkinsonian gait/freezing detection, fall-risk context, rehab progress, and cueing or robotic assistance. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 9 |
gait disruptions | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Device-dependent validation | count, speed, force, or pattern | Continuous / repeated | Walking rhythm, step timing, cadence, speed, interruptions, or gait-event sequence from foot, shoe, insole, or body sensors. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Mobility assessment, Parkinsonian gait/freezing detection, fall-risk context, rehab progress, and cueing or robotic assistance. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 1 |
gait events | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Device-dependent validation | event / state | Continuous / repeated | Walking rhythm, step timing, cadence, speed, interruptions, or gait-event sequence from foot, shoe, insole, or body sensors. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Mobility assessment, Parkinsonian gait/freezing detection, fall-risk context, rehab progress, and cueing or robotic assistance. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 1 |
| Product-dependent evidence | event / state | Session / event-based | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. Examples: breath hydrogen/methane, GI gas concentration profile, ingestible gas capsule reading. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
GI camera images | Sensory, imaging, and interaction signals | Clinical / regulated use | image / area | Spot check / episode | Image-derived data from optical, thermal, capsule-camera, or fluorescence capture. Examples: image-derived feature, optical image frame. | Food intolerance workups, GI motility assessment, fermentation response, capsule diagnostics, and digestive-behavior feedback. Examples: fermentation response, food intolerance assessment, motility testing. | 3 |
| Clinical / regulated use | pH | Spot check / episode | Acidity/alkalinity inside the GI tract, often used by motility capsules to identify transit through GI segments. Examples: GI capsule pH trace, motility capsule pH profile. | GI transit landmarking, motility testing, capsule diagnostics, and digestive symptom workups. Examples: capsule diagnostics, GI transit landmarking, motility testing. | 1 | ||
| Clinical / regulated use | count, speed, force, or pattern | Spot check / episode | Mechanical load, pressure, or force on a sensor surface, such as foot pressure, pelvic-floor force, GI capsule pressure, or haptic force. Examples: breath hydrogen/methane, GI gas concentration profile, ingestible gas capsule reading. | Food intolerance workups, GI motility assessment, fermentation response, capsule diagnostics, and digestive-behavior feedback. Examples: fermentation response, food intolerance assessment, motility testing. | 1 | ||
| Device-dependent validation | deg C | Continuous / repeated | Temperature inside the gastrointestinal tract, captured by an ingestible capsule as part of a transit or motility profile. Examples: GI transit temperature profile, ingestible capsule temperature trace. | GI transit and motility interpretation alongside capsule pressure, pH, and gas patterns. Examples: capsule diagnostics, GI transit interpretation, motility testing. | 2 | ||
| Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. Examples: breath hydrogen/methane, GI gas concentration profile, ingestible gas capsule reading. | Food intolerance workups, GI motility assessment, fermentation response, capsule diagnostics, and digestive-behavior feedback. Examples: fermentation response, food intolerance assessment, motility testing. | 1 | ||
| Clinical / regulated use | mg/dL or mmol/L | Continuous / repeated | Interstitial glucose concentration, trend direction, variability, and high/low event state from CGM or connected glucose inputs. Examples: high/low event flag, interstitial glucose mg/dL or mmol/L, trend arrow. | Diabetes management, non-insulin glucose trend awareness, food/exercise response, high/low event detection, and metabolic coaching. Examples: diabetes management, food-response feedback, high/low glucose alerting. | 3 | ||
| Clinical / regulated use | mg/dL or mmol/L | Continuous / repeated | Interstitial glucose concentration, trend direction, variability, and high/low event state from CGM or connected glucose inputs. Examples: high/low event flag, interstitial glucose mg/dL or mmol/L, trend arrow. | Diabetes management, non-insulin glucose trend awareness, food/exercise response, high/low event detection, and metabolic coaching. Examples: diabetes management, food-response feedback, high/low glucose alerting. | 1 | ||
| Clinical / regulated use | mg/dL or mmol/L | Continuous / repeated | Interstitial glucose concentration, trend direction, variability, and high/low event state from CGM or connected glucose inputs. Examples: high/low event flag, interstitial glucose mg/dL or mmol/L, trend arrow. | Diabetes management, non-insulin glucose trend awareness, food/exercise response, high/low event detection, and metabolic coaching. Examples: diabetes management, food-response feedback, high/low glucose alerting. | 1 | ||
| Clinical / regulated use | mg/dL or mmol/L | Continuous / repeated | Interstitial glucose concentration, trend direction, variability, and high/low event state from CGM or connected glucose inputs. Examples: high/low event flag, interstitial glucose mg/dL or mmol/L, trend arrow. | Diabetes management, non-insulin glucose trend awareness, food/exercise response, high/low event detection, and metabolic coaching. Examples: diabetes management, food-response feedback, high/low glucose alerting. | 5 | ||
| Clinical / regulated use | mg/dL or mmol/L | Continuous / repeated | Interstitial glucose concentration, trend direction, variability, and high/low event state from CGM or connected glucose inputs. Examples: high/low event flag, interstitial glucose mg/dL or mmol/L, trend arrow. | Diabetes management, non-insulin glucose trend awareness, food/exercise response, high/low event detection, and metabolic coaching. Examples: diabetes management, food-response feedback, high/low glucose alerting. | 1 | ||
| Product-dependent evidence | ppm or % | Continuous / repeated | Gas concentration or event signal from breath, ingestible capsules, or flatus sensing, especially hydrogen, methane, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
| Product-dependent evidence | ppm or % | Continuous / repeated | Gas concentration or event signal from breath, ingestible capsules, or flatus sensing, especially hydrogen, methane, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. Examples: breath hydrogen/methane, GI gas concentration profile, ingestible gas capsule reading. | Food intolerance workups, GI motility assessment, fermentation response, capsule diagnostics, and digestive-behavior feedback. Examples: fermentation response, food intolerance assessment, motility testing. | 1 | ||
| Product-dependent evidence | ppm or % | Continuous / repeated | Gas concentration or event signal from breath, ingestible capsules, or flatus sensing, especially hydrogen, methane, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. Examples: breath hydrogen/methane, GI gas concentration profile, ingestible gas capsule reading. | Food intolerance workups, GI motility assessment, fermentation response, capsule diagnostics, and digestive-behavior feedback. Examples: fermentation response, food intolerance assessment, motility testing. | 1 | ||
| Product-dependent evidence | ppm or % | Continuous / repeated | Gas concentration or event signal from breath, ingestible capsules, or flatus sensing, especially hydrogen, methane, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
Happy Health Apnea Hypopnea Index / hAHI | Respiratory and sleep | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Overnight / daily | A breathing, oxygenation, sleep, or overnight physiology measure inferred from motion, optical, respiratory, or electrophysiology sensors. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep apnea screening, respiratory compromise detection, cardiorespiratory trend monitoring, and recovery/sleep interpretation. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 1 |
haptic feedback | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | level, force, or intensity | Session / event-based | A movement, force, gait, balance, posture, or interaction pattern measured by motion sensors, pressure sensors, footwear, or robotic systems. Examples: assistance or haptic-output level, dose event, stimulation session. | Closed-loop or on-body therapy, symptom relief, assistive control, rehabilitation support, and product output verification. Examples: assistive control, closed-loop therapy, symptom relief. | 1 |
head movement | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | pattern, count, or state | Product-dependent | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. | Neurological monitoring, movement-disorder assessment, brain/body interface control, sleep staging, cognitive load, or neuromodulation feedback. | 1 |
heart rate | Cardiovascular and vascular | Device-dependent validation | per minute | Continuous / repeated | Beats per minute, captured directly from ECG or estimated from optical pulse sensors during rest, sleep, and activity. Examples: finger pulse waveform, green/red/infrared optical sensing, ring or watch optical pulse intervals. | Readiness/recovery scoring, training load, stress/autonomic trends, sleep context, and basic vital-sign monitoring. Examples: recovery score, training load, vital-sign trend. | 38 |
heart rhythm | Cardiovascular and vascular | Clinical / regulated use | rhythm class / waveform | Continuous / repeated | A cardiovascular measure or derived cardiac/vascular state, usually interpreted from ECG, optical pulse, pressure, or rhythm algorithms. Examples: multi-day adhesive ECG patch, single-lead smartwatch ECG, six-lead handheld ECG. | Rhythm documentation, AFib/arrhythmia screening, ambulatory cardiac diagnostics, and escalation to clinical review when a trace is suspicious. Examples: AFib screening, ambulatory arrhythmia workup, clinician-review trace. | 6 |
heart-rate variability | Cardiovascular and vascular | Product-dependent evidence | ms | Continuous / repeated | Beat-to-beat timing variation, usually derived from ECG R-R intervals or high-quality optical pulse intervals. | Readiness/recovery scoring, training load, stress/autonomic trends, sleep context, and basic vital-sign monitoring. Examples: recovery score, training load, vital-sign trend. | 21 |
| Product-dependent evidence | risk score / index | Product-dependent | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. | 1 | ||
| Clinical / regulated use | mg/dL or mmol/L | Continuous / repeated | Interstitial glucose concentration, trend direction, variability, and high/low event state from CGM or connected glucose inputs. Examples: high/low event flag, interstitial glucose mg/dL or mmol/L, trend arrow. | Diabetes management, non-insulin glucose trend awareness, food/exercise response, high/low event detection, and metabolic coaching. Examples: diabetes management, food-response feedback, high/low glucose alerting. | 1 | ||
hormone signal | Reproductive and hormonal | Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Spot check / episode | A fertility, cycle, pregnancy, pelvic-floor, lactation, menstrual, or menopause-related state or analyte. Examples: interstitial-fluid analyte trend, saliva hormone concentration, sweat molecular signal. | Fertility estimation, pregnancy monitoring, cycle tracking, pelvic-floor training, lactation support, or menopause symptom tracking. | 2 |
hot flashes | Reproductive and hormonal | Product-dependent evidence | score, severity, or event state | Session / event-based | A fertility, cycle, pregnancy, pelvic-floor, lactation, menstrual, or menopause-related state or analyte. | Fertility-window estimation, pregnancy surveillance, pelvic-floor training, menstrual tracking, lactation support, and menopause symptom monitoring. Examples: fertile-window estimate, menopause symptom tracking, pregnancy monitoring. | 1 |
humidity | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | Personal environmental exposure near the wearer, such as air pollutants, radon, humidity, sound level, or occupational noise dose. Examples: indoor radon/VOC level, occupational noise dose, personal air-quality reading. | Personal exposure logging, workplace compliance, indoor-air-quality action, and environmental risk attribution. Examples: exposure attribution, indoor-air action, workplace compliance. | 7 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | score / category | Continuous / repeated | Sweat volume/rate plus inferred fluid loss and hydration state during training, heat, or work exposure. Examples: electrolyte concentration, sodium loss, sweat rate. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. Examples: athlete fueling, fluid replacement, heat-risk prevention. | 1 | ||
| Emerging / research-heavy | score / category | Continuous / repeated | Sweat volume/rate plus inferred fluid loss and hydration state during training, heat, or work exposure. Examples: electrolyte concentration, sodium loss, sweat rate. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. Examples: athlete fueling, fluid replacement, heat-risk prevention. | 5 | ||
impact force | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | count, speed, force, or pattern | Product-dependent | Mechanical load, pressure, or force on a sensor surface, such as foot pressure, pelvic-floor force, GI capsule pressure, or haptic force. | Gait assessment, rehab progress, mobility risk context, sports technique feedback, and assistive device control. | 1 |
inflammation signal | Skin, wound, and dermatology | Product-dependent evidence | score, severity, or event state | Product-dependent | A skin, wound, foot, thermal, UV, or inflammation-related condition captured by a patch, textile, image, or local sensor. Examples: skin temperature trend, skin/wound pH strip or patch, wound thermal image. | Diabetic-foot monitoring, wound healing/infection triage, dermatology/UV behavior feedback, and chronic-wound follow-up. Examples: diabetic-foot monitoring, sun-exposure behavior, wound infection triage. | 5 |
insulin delivery | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | event / state | Session / event-based | A device output or therapy event, such as insulin dose/delivery, electrical stimulation, haptic feedback, or neuromodulation session. Examples: assistance or haptic-output level, dose event, stimulation session. | Closed-loop or on-body therapy, symptom relief, assistive control, rehabilitation support, and product output verification. Examples: assistive control, closed-loop therapy, symptom relief. | 5 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration or panel | Product-dependent | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 2 | ||
| Clinical / regulated use | mg/dL or mmol/L | Continuous / repeated | Interstitial glucose concentration, trend direction, variability, and high/low event state from CGM or connected glucose inputs. Examples: high/low event flag, interstitial glucose mg/dL or mmol/L, trend arrow. | Diabetes management, non-insulin glucose trend awareness, food/exercise response, high/low event detection, and metabolic coaching. Examples: diabetes management, food-response feedback, high/low glucose alerting. | 7 | ||
intraocular pressure pattern | Sensory, imaging, and interaction signals | Clinical / regulated use | count, speed, force, or pattern | Spot check / episode | Mechanical load, pressure, or force on a sensor surface, such as foot pressure, pelvic-floor force, GI capsule pressure, or haptic force. | Interface control, assistant input, sensory augmentation, visual/audio capture, and context-aware wearable features. | 3 |
joint movement | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | count, speed, force, or pattern | Product-dependent | A movement, force, gait, balance, posture, or interaction pattern measured by motion sensors, pressure sensors, footwear, or robotic systems. | Mobility assessment, Parkinsonian gait/freezing detection, fall-risk context, rehab progress, and cueing or robotic assistance. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 3 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Product-dependent | Ketone-related fuel-use analyte, typically positioned for metabolic switching or nutrition feedback. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Product-dependent | Lactate concentration in sweat or saliva, used as a proxy for exertion, anaerobic metabolism, or local metabolic state. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
light | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | An exposure level or environmental event near the wearer, such as air quality, gas, sound, odor, temperature, or workplace dose. | Exposure attribution, occupational safety, indoor-air decisions, environmental behavior change, and compliance documentation. | 1 |
light exposure | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | lux or light state | Continuous / repeated | Sleep-environment context captured by bed, bedside, or room sensors, such as mattress temperature, bedroom temperature, or light level. | Understanding environmental contributors to sleep quality and driving room, bedding, or temperature-control recommendations. | 1 |
| Clinical / regulated use | mg/dL or mmol/L | Continuous / repeated | Interstitial glucose concentration, trend direction, variability, and high/low event state from CGM or connected glucose inputs. Examples: high/low event flag, interstitial glucose mg/dL or mmol/L, trend arrow. | Diabetes management, non-insulin glucose trend awareness, food/exercise response, high/low event detection, and metabolic coaching. Examples: diabetes management, food-response feedback, high/low glucose alerting. | 1 | ||
macronutrients | Nutrition intake and eating behavior | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | Eating behavior or nutrition signal, such as bite count, bite speed, meal timing, portion size, calories, or nutrient category. Examples: bite count, meal timing, portion-size estimate. | Meal awareness, slower eating, portion coaching, nutrient-pattern feedback, and metabolic-health behavior change. Examples: nutrition-pattern feedback, portion awareness, slower eating coaching. | 1 |
maternal heart rate | Cardiovascular and vascular | Clinical / regulated use | per minute | Continuous / repeated | Pregnancy monitoring signal such as fetal heart rate, maternal heart rate, or uterine contraction activity. Examples: finger pulse waveform, green/red/infrared optical sensing, ring or watch optical pulse intervals. | Readiness/recovery scoring, training load, stress/autonomic trends, sleep context, and basic vital-sign monitoring. Examples: recovery score, training load, vital-sign trend. | 2 |
meal timing | Nutrition intake and eating behavior | Emerging / research-heavy | score / category | Session / event-based | Eating behavior or nutrition signal, such as bite count, bite speed, meal timing, portion size, calories, or nutrient category. Examples: bite count, meal timing, portion-size estimate. | Meal awareness, slower eating, portion coaching, nutrient-pattern feedback, and metabolic-health behavior change. Examples: nutrition-pattern feedback, portion awareness, slower eating coaching. | 1 |
mealtime insulin dose | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | U or dose event | Session / event-based | A device output or therapy event, such as insulin dose/delivery, electrical stimulation, haptic feedback, or neuromodulation session. Examples: bite count, meal timing, portion-size estimate. | Meal awareness, slower eating, portion coaching, nutrient-pattern feedback, and metabolic-health behavior change. Examples: nutrition-pattern feedback, portion awareness, slower eating coaching. | 1 |
medication response patterns | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | score, severity, or event state | Product-dependent | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. | Neurological monitoring, movement-disorder assessment, brain/body interface control, sleep staging, cognitive load, or neuromodulation feedback. | 1 |
menstrual blood biomarkers | Reproductive and hormonal | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Spot check / episode | Reproductive or lactation flow/volume signal, such as menstrual fill level, menstrual biomarkers, milk volume, or pump session timing. | Fertility-window estimation, pregnancy surveillance, pelvic-floor training, menstrual tracking, lactation support, and menopause symptom monitoring. Examples: fertile-window estimate, menopause symptom tracking, pregnancy monitoring. | 1 |
menstrual cycle context | Reproductive and hormonal | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Spot check / episode | Reproductive or lactation flow/volume signal, such as menstrual fill level, menstrual biomarkers, milk volume, or pump session timing. | Fertility-window estimation, pregnancy surveillance, pelvic-floor training, menstrual tracking, lactation support, and menopause symptom monitoring. Examples: fertile-window estimate, menopause symptom tracking, pregnancy monitoring. | 1 |
menstrual flow volume | Reproductive and hormonal | Product-dependent evidence | mL or fill level | Spot check / episode | Reproductive or lactation flow/volume signal, such as menstrual fill level, menstrual biomarkers, milk volume, or pump session timing. | Fertility-window estimation, pregnancy surveillance, pelvic-floor training, menstrual tracking, lactation support, and menopause symptom monitoring. Examples: fertile-window estimate, menopause symptom tracking, pregnancy monitoring. | 1 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Spot check / episode | Reproductive or lactation flow/volume signal, such as menstrual fill level, menstrual biomarkers, milk volume, or pump session timing. Examples: interstitial-fluid analyte trend, saliva hormone concentration, sweat molecular signal. | Fertility-window estimation, pregnancy surveillance, pelvic-floor training, menstrual tracking, lactation support, and menopause symptom monitoring. Examples: fertile-window estimate, menopause symptom tracking, pregnancy monitoring. | 1 | ||
| Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
micronutrients | Nutrition intake and eating behavior | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | An eating behavior, intake, meal-timing, or nutrition-pattern signal inferred from utensil, motion, app, or sensor interaction data. | Meal awareness, slower eating, portion coaching, nutrient-pattern feedback, and metabolic-health behavior change. Examples: nutrition-pattern feedback, portion awareness, slower eating coaching. | 1 |
migraine symptom response | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | event / state | Session / event-based | A therapy output, dose, stimulation, haptic, control, or assistance state generated or logged by the wearable system. | Closed-loop or on-body therapy, symptom relief, assistive control, rehabilitation support, and product output verification. Examples: assistive control, closed-loop therapy, symptom relief. | 2 |
milk volume | Reproductive and hormonal | Product-dependent evidence | mL or fill level | Product-dependent | Reproductive or lactation flow/volume signal, such as menstrual fill level, menstrual biomarkers, milk volume, or pump session timing. | Fertility-window estimation, pregnancy surveillance, pelvic-floor training, menstrual tracking, lactation support, and menopause symptom monitoring. Examples: fertile-window estimate, menopause symptom tracking, pregnancy monitoring. | 2 |
mold index | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | An exposure level or environmental event near the wearer, such as air quality, gas, sound, odor, temperature, or workplace dose. | Exposure attribution, occupational safety, indoor-air decisions, environmental behavior change, and compliance documentation. | 1 |
motion | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | count, speed, force, or pattern | Continuous / repeated | Body movement, position, posture, or activity intensity from inertial sensors and wearable algorithms. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Gait assessment, rehab progress, mobility risk context, sports technique feedback, and assistive device control. | 9 |
movement | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A movement, force, gait, balance, posture, or interaction pattern measured by motion sensors, pressure sensors, footwear, or robotic systems. | Gait assessment, rehab progress, mobility risk context, sports technique feedback, and assistive device control. | 10 |
neurofeedback state | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | score, severity, or event state | Product-dependent | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: brain-computer interface control, seizure detection, sleep staging. | 2 |
neurological event pattern | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | event / state | Session / event-based | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. Examples: breath hydrogen/methane, GI gas concentration profile, ingestible gas capsule reading. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: brain-computer interface control, seizure detection, sleep staging. | 1 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | score, severity, or event state | Continuous / repeated | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. Examples: electrolyte concentration, sodium loss, sweat rate. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. Examples: athlete fueling, fluid replacement, heat-risk prevention. | 1 | ||
nitrogen dioxide | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | An exposure level or environmental event near the wearer, such as air quality, gas, sound, odor, temperature, or workplace dose. | Exposure attribution, occupational safety, indoor-air decisions, environmental behavior change, and compliance documentation. | 2 |
noise dose | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | event / state | Continuous / repeated | Personal environmental exposure near the wearer, such as air pollutants, radon, humidity, sound level, or occupational noise dose. Examples: indoor radon/VOC level, occupational noise dose, personal air-quality reading. | Personal exposure logging, workplace compliance, indoor-air-quality action, and environmental risk attribution. Examples: exposure attribution, indoor-air action, workplace compliance. | 1 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Product-dependent | Catecholamine stress-hormone signal captured by experimental sweat or molecular biosensors. Examples: interstitial-fluid analyte trend, saliva hormone concentration, sweat molecular signal. | Stress-state profiling, endocrine rhythm monitoring, intervention response, and high-frequency molecular research. Examples: circadian/endocrine tracking, intervention response, stress-state profiling. | 1 | ||
NOx | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | Personal environmental exposure near the wearer, such as air pollutants, radon, humidity, sound level, or occupational noise dose. Examples: indoor radon/VOC level, occupational noise dose, personal air-quality reading. | Personal exposure logging, workplace compliance, indoor-air-quality action, and environmental risk attribution. Examples: exposure attribution, indoor-air action, workplace compliance. | 1 |
ocular dimensional change | Sensory, imaging, and interaction signals | Product-dependent evidence | dimensional change | Product-dependent | A camera, audio, display, ocular, hearing, or interaction signal used by a sensory or interface wearable. | Interface control, assistant input, sensory augmentation, visual/audio capture, and context-aware wearable features. | 3 |
ovulation temperature shift | Reproductive and hormonal | Device-dependent validation | deg C | Continuous / repeated | The cycle-related temperature shift used to estimate ovulation timing or fertile-window context. Examples: overnight core/vaginal temperature trend, ovulation-related temperature shift. | Ovulation estimation, fertile-window timing, cycle-context interpretation, and reproductive-health trend tracking. Examples: cycle-context tracking, fertile-window estimate, ovulation timing. | 3 |
oxygen saturation / SpO2 | Cardiovascular and vascular | Clinical / regulated use | % | Continuous / repeated | Peripheral oxygen saturation estimated from red/infrared optical absorption at the finger, wrist, or ring. Examples: finger pulse waveform, green/red/infrared optical sensing, ring or watch optical pulse intervals. | Sleep apnea screening, respiratory compromise detection, cardiorespiratory trend monitoring, and recovery/sleep interpretation. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 18 |
ozone | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | An exposure level or environmental event near the wearer, such as air quality, gas, sound, odor, temperature, or workplace dose. | Exposure attribution, occupational safety, indoor-air decisions, environmental behavior change, and compliance documentation. | 2 |
pain symptom response | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | event / state | Session / event-based | A therapy output, dose, stimulation, haptic, control, or assistance state generated or logged by the wearable system. | Closed-loop or on-body therapy, symptom relief, assistive control, rehabilitation support, and product output verification. Examples: assistive control, closed-loop therapy, symptom relief. | 1 |
particulate matter | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | Personal environmental exposure near the wearer, such as air pollutants, radon, humidity, sound level, or occupational noise dose. Examples: indoor radon/VOC level, occupational noise dose, personal air-quality reading. | Personal exposure logging, workplace compliance, indoor-air-quality action, and environmental risk attribution. Examples: exposure attribution, indoor-air action, workplace compliance. | 4 |
patient deterioration alert | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | event / state | Session / event-based | Composite clinical alert state derived from contactless vital-sign trends, movement, and bed-status changes. | Hospital and remote-monitoring escalation, earlier detection of deterioration, and prioritizing clinical review from contactless trend data. | 1 |
pelvic-floor force | Reproductive and hormonal | Product-dependent evidence | count, speed, force, or pattern | Product-dependent | Mechanical load, pressure, or force on a sensor surface, such as foot pressure, pelvic-floor force, GI capsule pressure, or haptic force. | Fertility-window estimation, pregnancy surveillance, pelvic-floor training, menstrual tracking, lactation support, and menopause symptom monitoring. Examples: fertile-window estimate, menopause symptom tracking, pregnancy monitoring. | 2 |
perfusion | Reproductive and hormonal | Product-dependent evidence | perfusion index | Continuous / repeated | A fertility, cycle, pregnancy, pelvic-floor, lactation, menstrual, or menopause-related state or analyte. | Fertility estimation, pregnancy monitoring, cycle tracking, pelvic-floor training, lactation support, or menopause symptom tracking. | 1 |
peripheral arterial tone | Cardiovascular and vascular | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | Finger arterial tone changes captured by a probe to infer vascular response during sleep and respiratory events. Examples: finger pulse waveform, green/red/infrared optical sensing, ring or watch optical pulse intervals. | Cardiac risk context, rhythm review, vascular trend tracking, recovery interpretation, and escalation to clinical review where appropriate. | 2 |
| Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 2 | ||
plantar pressure | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Device-dependent validation | count, speed, force, or pattern | Product-dependent | Pressure distribution under the foot from instrumented socks, insoles, or smart footwear. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Gait assessment, rehab progress, mobility risk context, sports technique feedback, and assistive device control. | 5 |
PM1 | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | An exposure level or environmental event near the wearer, such as air quality, gas, sound, odor, temperature, or workplace dose. | Exposure attribution, occupational safety, indoor-air decisions, environmental behavior change, and compliance documentation. | 1 |
PM2.5 | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | An exposure level or environmental event near the wearer, such as air quality, gas, sound, odor, temperature, or workplace dose. | Exposure attribution, occupational safety, indoor-air decisions, environmental behavior change, and compliance documentation. | 1 |
PM10 | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | An exposure level or environmental event near the wearer, such as air quality, gas, sound, odor, temperature, or workplace dose. | Exposure attribution, occupational safety, indoor-air decisions, environmental behavior change, and compliance documentation. | 1 |
portion size | Nutrition intake and eating behavior | Emerging / research-heavy | score / category | Session / event-based | Eating behavior or nutrition signal, such as bite count, bite speed, meal timing, portion size, calories, or nutrient category. Examples: bite count, meal timing, portion-size estimate. | Meal awareness, slower eating, portion coaching, nutrient-pattern feedback, and metabolic-health behavior change. Examples: nutrition-pattern feedback, portion awareness, slower eating coaching. | 1 |
posture | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | count, speed, force, or pattern | Product-dependent | Body movement, position, posture, or activity intensity from inertial sensors and wearable algorithms. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Gait assessment, rehab progress, mobility risk context, sports technique feedback, and assistive device control. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 3 |
PPG waveform | Cardiovascular and vascular | Product-dependent evidence | waveform / derived metric | Product-dependent | A reflected-light pulse waveform from LEDs and photodiodes, used to derive pulse timing and vascular changes at the skin. Examples: finger pulse waveform, green/red/infrared optical sensing, ring or watch optical pulse intervals. | Cardiac risk context, rhythm review, vascular trend tracking, recovery interpretation, and escalation to clinical review where appropriate. | 3 |
| Product-dependent evidence | count, speed, force, or pattern | Product-dependent | Mechanical load, pressure, or force on a sensor surface, such as foot pressure, pelvic-floor force, GI capsule pressure, or haptic force. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration or panel | Product-dependent | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 2 | ||
pulse pressure | Cardiovascular and vascular | Product-dependent evidence | mmHg | Product-dependent | Mechanical load, pressure, or force on a sensor surface, such as foot pressure, pelvic-floor force, GI capsule pressure, or haptic force. Examples: finger pulse waveform, green/red/infrared optical sensing, ring or watch optical pulse intervals. | Hypertension tracking, medication/lifestyle response, nighttime BP patterns, and cardiovascular risk management without repeated cuff readings. Examples: recovery score, training load, vital-sign trend. | 1 |
pulse rate | Cardiovascular and vascular | Device-dependent validation | per minute | Product-dependent | Beats per minute, captured directly from ECG or estimated from optical pulse sensors during rest, sleep, and activity. Examples: finger pulse waveform, green/red/infrared optical sensing, ring or watch optical pulse intervals. | Readiness/recovery scoring, training load, stress/autonomic trends, sleep context, and basic vital-sign monitoring. Examples: recovery score, training load, vital-sign trend. | 5 |
pump session timing | Reproductive and hormonal | Product-dependent evidence | time | Session / event-based | Reproductive or lactation flow/volume signal, such as menstrual fill level, menstrual biomarkers, milk volume, or pump session timing. | Fertility estimation, pregnancy monitoring, cycle tracking, pelvic-floor training, lactation support, or menopause symptom tracking. | 2 |
R-R intervals | Cardiovascular and vascular | Product-dependent evidence | ms | Continuous / repeated | The elapsed time between successive heartbeats, used as the raw timing signal for HRV and recovery analysis. | Readiness/recovery scoring, training load, stress/autonomic trends, sleep context, and basic vital-sign monitoring. | 1 |
radon | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | Personal environmental exposure near the wearer, such as air pollutants, radon, humidity, sound level, or occupational noise dose. Examples: indoor radon/VOC level, occupational noise dose, personal air-quality reading. | Personal exposure logging, workplace compliance, indoor-air-quality action, and environmental risk attribution. Examples: exposure attribution, indoor-air action, workplace compliance. | 1 |
relaxation response | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | score, severity, or event state | Product-dependent | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. | Neurological monitoring, movement-disorder assessment, brain/body interface control, sleep staging, cognitive load, or neuromodulation feedback. | 1 |
relaxation state | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. | Neurological monitoring, movement-disorder assessment, brain/body interface control, sleep staging, cognitive load, or neuromodulation feedback. | 1 |
remote electrical neuromodulation | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | score / category | Session / event-based | A device output or therapy event, such as insulin dose/delivery, electrical stimulation, haptic feedback, or neuromodulation session. Examples: assistance or haptic-output level, dose event, stimulation session. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: brain-computer interface control, seizure detection, sleep staging. | 1 |
respiration rate | Respiratory and sleep | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A breathing, oxygenation, sleep, or overnight physiology measure inferred from motion, optical, respiratory, or electrophysiology sensors. | Sleep quality, sleep-disordered breathing screening, respiratory trend monitoring, and recovery or fatigue interpretation. | 1 |
respiratory effort | Respiratory and sleep | Device-dependent validation | effort waveform / index | Continuous / repeated | Breaths per minute or breathing-pattern signal from chest motion, impedance, ECG-derived respiration, or wearable algorithms. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep apnea screening, respiratory compromise detection, cardiorespiratory trend monitoring, and recovery/sleep interpretation. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 1 |
respiratory rate | Respiratory and sleep | Device-dependent validation | per minute | Continuous / repeated | Breaths per minute or breathing-pattern signal from chest motion, impedance, ECG-derived respiration, or wearable algorithms. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep apnea screening, respiratory compromise detection, cardiorespiratory trend monitoring, and recovery/sleep interpretation. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 14 |
resting pulse | Cardiovascular and vascular | Device-dependent validation | per minute | Product-dependent | Beats per minute, captured directly from ECG or estimated from optical pulse sensors during rest, sleep, and activity. Examples: finger pulse waveform, green/red/infrared optical sensing, ring or watch optical pulse intervals. | Baseline cardiovascular trend tracking, recovery context, illness/stress indication, and fertility or cycle-context algorithms. Examples: recovery score, training load, vital-sign trend. | 1 |
| Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
robotic assistance level | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-regulated output | level, force, or intensity | Session / event-based | A movement, force, gait, balance, posture, or interaction pattern measured by motion sensors, pressure sensors, footwear, or robotic systems. Examples: assistance or haptic-output level, dose event, stimulation session. | Closed-loop or on-body therapy, symptom relief, assistive control, rehabilitation support, and product output verification. Examples: assistive control, closed-loop therapy, symptom relief. | 3 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Spot check / episode | Free or total cortisol signal from sweat, saliva, or interstitial-fluid molecular sensing. Examples: interstitial-fluid analyte trend, saliva hormone concentration, sweat molecular signal. | Stress-state profiling, endocrine rhythm monitoring, intervention response, and high-frequency molecular research. Examples: circadian/endocrine tracking, intervention response, stress-state profiling. | 1 | ||
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Spot check / episode | Lactate concentration in sweat or saliva, used as a proxy for exertion, anaerobic metabolism, or local metabolic state. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration or panel | Spot check / episode | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
skin temperature | Skin, wound, and dermatology | Device-dependent validation | deg C | Continuous / repeated | Peripheral skin temperature trend from a watch, ring, patch, sock, or other body-worn sensor. Examples: distal skin temperature trend, overnight skin-temperature deviation. | Recovery/sleep interpretation, illness or strain context, circadian trend tracking, and local skin/foot monitoring depending on placement. Examples: circadian trend, illness or strain signal, recovery context. | 21 |
sleep apnea events | Respiratory and sleep | Clinical / regulated use | event / state | Overnight / daily | Sleep-breathing event pattern, typically combining oximetry, pulse, actigraphy, and peripheral arterial tone. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep apnea screening, respiratory compromise detection, cardiorespiratory trend monitoring, and recovery/sleep interpretation. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 5 |
sleep apnea indicators | Respiratory and sleep | Clinical / regulated use | event / state | Overnight / daily | Sleep-breathing event pattern, typically combining oximetry, pulse, actigraphy, and peripheral arterial tone. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep apnea screening, respiratory compromise detection, cardiorespiratory trend monitoring, and recovery/sleep interpretation. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 1 |
sleep architecture | Respiratory and sleep | Device-dependent validation | event / state | Overnight / daily | Sleep duration, staging, architecture, or quality inferred from motion, optical physiology, EEG, or respiratory signals. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep coaching, recovery scoring, clinical sleep staging, sleep-disordered breathing workups, and longitudinal fatigue tracking. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 1 |
sleep disturbances | Respiratory and sleep | Device-dependent validation | event / state | Overnight / daily | Sleep duration, staging, architecture, or quality inferred from motion, optical physiology, EEG, or respiratory signals. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep coaching, recovery scoring, clinical sleep staging, sleep-disordered breathing workups, and longitudinal fatigue tracking. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 1 |
sleep duration | Respiratory and sleep | Device-dependent validation | time | Overnight / daily | Sleep duration, staging, architecture, or quality inferred from motion, optical physiology, EEG, or respiratory signals. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep coaching, recovery scoring, clinical sleep staging, sleep-disordered breathing workups, and longitudinal fatigue tracking. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 28 |
sleep efficiency | Respiratory and sleep | Device-dependent validation | score / category | Overnight / daily | Sleep duration, staging, architecture, or quality inferred from motion, optical physiology, EEG, or respiratory signals. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep coaching, recovery scoring, clinical sleep staging, sleep-disordered breathing workups, and longitudinal fatigue tracking. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 1 |
sleep quality | Respiratory and sleep | Device-dependent validation | sleep score / category | Overnight / daily | Composite sleep score derived from sleep duration, staging, disruptions, breathing, movement, and product-specific sleep models. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep coaching, recovery scoring, clinical sleep staging, sleep-disordered breathing workups, and longitudinal fatigue tracking. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 1 |
sleep quality score | Respiratory and sleep | Device-dependent validation | sleep score / category | Overnight / daily | Composite sleep score derived from sleep duration, staging, disruptions, breathing, movement, and product-specific sleep models. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep coaching, recovery scoring, clinical sleep staging, sleep-disordered breathing workups, and longitudinal fatigue tracking. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 3 |
sleep stages | Respiratory and sleep | Device-dependent validation | event / state | Overnight / daily | Sleep duration, staging, architecture, or quality inferred from motion, optical physiology, EEG, or respiratory signals. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep coaching, recovery scoring, clinical sleep staging, sleep-disordered breathing workups, and longitudinal fatigue tracking. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 25 |
slow-wave sleep | Respiratory and sleep | Device-dependent validation | score / category | Overnight / daily | Sleep duration, staging, architecture, or quality inferred from motion, optical physiology, EEG, or respiratory signals. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep coaching, recovery scoring, clinical sleep staging, sleep-disordered breathing workups, and longitudinal fatigue tracking. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 1 |
snoring | Respiratory and sleep | Product-dependent evidence | event / state | Product-dependent | Detected snoring episodes or snoring duration, usually from microphone, radar, bed sensor, or sleep-monitor algorithms. | Identifying sleep disruptions, airway-related patterns, sleep hygiene issues, and whether bedroom or respiratory factors are fragmenting sleep. | 4 |
snoring response | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | event / state | Session / event-based | Detected snoring episodes or snoring duration, usually from microphone, radar, bed sensor, or sleep-monitor algorithms. | Identifying sleep disruptions, airway-related patterns, sleep hygiene issues, and whether bedroom or respiratory factors are fragmenting sleep. | 1 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Product-dependent | Electrolyte concentration or sodium loss, commonly from sweat patches and, in fertility products, cervical-fluid conductivity. Examples: electrolyte concentration, sodium loss, sweat rate. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. Examples: athlete fueling, fluid replacement, heat-risk prevention. | 3 | ||
| Emerging / research-heavy | concentration | Product-dependent | Electrolyte concentration or sodium loss, commonly from sweat patches and, in fertility products, cervical-fluid conductivity. Examples: electrolyte concentration, sodium loss, sweat rate. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. Examples: athlete fueling, fluid replacement, heat-risk prevention. | 1 | ||
sound level | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | Personal environmental exposure near the wearer, such as air pollutants, radon, humidity, sound level, or occupational noise dose. Examples: indoor radon/VOC level, occupational noise dose, personal air-quality reading. | Personal exposure logging, workplace compliance, indoor-air-quality action, and environmental risk attribution. Examples: exposure attribution, indoor-air action, workplace compliance. | 3 |
step count | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | count, speed, force, or pattern | Product-dependent | Walking rhythm, step timing, cadence, speed, interruptions, or gait-event sequence from foot, shoe, insole, or body sensors. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Mobility assessment, Parkinsonian gait/freezing detection, fall-risk context, rehab progress, and cueing or robotic assistance. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 4 |
stress score | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. | Stress-state profiling, endocrine rhythm monitoring, intervention response, and high-frequency molecular research. Examples: circadian/endocrine tracking, intervention response, stress-state profiling. | 1 |
support adjustment | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | device state / intensity | Session / event-based | A bed, mattress, or nearable device output such as thermal adjustment, support change, vibration wake alarm, or anti-snoring response. | Closed-loop sleep optimization, silent wake-up, comfort adjustment, anti-snoring response, and verification that the nearable acted as intended. | 1 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | mL/h or L | Continuous / repeated | Sweat volume/rate plus inferred fluid loss and hydration state during training, heat, or work exposure. Examples: electrolyte concentration, sodium loss, sweat rate. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. Examples: athlete fueling, fluid replacement, heat-risk prevention. | 7 | ||
| Emerging / research-heavy | score / category | Continuous / repeated | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. Examples: electrolyte concentration, sodium loss, sweat rate. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. Examples: athlete fueling, fluid replacement, heat-risk prevention. | 1 | ||
systolic blood pressure | Cardiovascular and vascular | Clinical / regulated use | mmHg | Continuous / repeated | Systolic/diastolic arterial pressure, either cuff-based or estimated continuously/cufflessly from optical and timing signals. Examples: cuffless optical pulse-wave estimate, inflatable wrist cuff pressure, nighttime BP trend. | Hypertension tracking, medication/lifestyle response, nighttime BP patterns, and cardiovascular risk management without repeated cuff readings. Examples: hypertension follow-up, medication response, nocturnal BP monitoring. | 5 |
temperature regulation output | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | device state / intensity | Continuous / repeated | A bed, mattress, or nearable device output such as thermal adjustment, support change, vibration wake alarm, or anti-snoring response. Examples: skin temperature trend, skin/wound pH strip or patch, wound thermal image. | Closed-loop sleep optimization, silent wake-up, comfort adjustment, anti-snoring response, and verification that the nearable acted as intended. | 1 |
thermal image | Skin, wound, and dermatology | Product-dependent evidence | image / area | Product-dependent | Image-derived data from optical, thermal, capsule-camera, or fluorescence capture. Examples: local temperature map, wound thermal image. | Diabetic-foot monitoring, wound healing/infection triage, dermatology/UV behavior feedback, and chronic-wound follow-up. Examples: diabetic-foot monitoring, sun-exposure behavior, wound infection triage. | 1 |
time-weighted noise exposure | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | Personal environmental exposure near the wearer, such as air pollutants, radon, humidity, sound level, or occupational noise dose. Examples: indoor radon/VOC level, occupational noise dose, personal air-quality reading. | Personal exposure logging, workplace compliance, indoor-air-quality action, and environmental risk attribution. Examples: exposure attribution, indoor-air action, workplace compliance. | 1 |
total sleep time | Respiratory and sleep | Device-dependent validation | score / category | Overnight / daily | Sleep duration, staging, architecture, or quality inferred from motion, optical physiology, EEG, or respiratory signals. Examples: breathing-rate time series, movement-derived sleep window, oxygen desaturation pattern. | Sleep coaching, recovery scoring, clinical sleep staging, sleep-disordered breathing workups, and longitudinal fatigue tracking. Examples: recovery coaching, sleep apnea screening, sleep-stage scoring. | 1 |
transcranial electrical stimulation | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | event / state | Session / event-based | A device output or therapy event, such as insulin dose/delivery, electrical stimulation, haptic feedback, or neuromodulation session. Examples: assistance or haptic-output level, dose event, stimulation session. | Closed-loop or on-body therapy, symptom relief, assistive control, rehabilitation support, and product output verification. Examples: assistive control, closed-loop therapy, symptom relief. | 2 |
| Product-dependent evidence | time | Product-dependent | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. | Food intolerance workups, GI motility assessment, fermentation response, capsule diagnostics, and digestive-behavior feedback. Examples: fermentation response, food intolerance assessment, motility testing. | 2 | ||
treatment response | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | score, severity, or event state | Session / event-based | A therapy output, dose, stimulation, haptic, control, or assistance state generated or logged by the wearable system. | Therapy delivery, dose logging, stimulation control, symptom response tracking, and assistive or haptic output verification. | 2 |
tremor | Neurological and neuromuscular | Device-dependent validation | score, severity, or event state | Continuous / repeated | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. | Sleep staging, seizure/movement-disorder monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, cognitive workload tracking, neuromodulation targeting, or relaxation feedback. Examples: brain-computer interface control, seizure detection, sleep staging. | 1 |
| Emerging / research-heavy | score / category | Continuous / repeated | Sweat volume/rate plus inferred fluid loss and hydration state during training, heat, or work exposure. Examples: electrolyte concentration, sodium loss, sweat rate. | Hydration planning, electrolyte replacement, heat-risk prevention, athlete fueling, and occupational safety decisions. Examples: athlete fueling, fluid replacement, heat-risk prevention. | 1 | ||
| Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A biochemical analyte, gas level, metabolic estimate, or molecular concentration measured from interstitial fluid, sweat, saliva, breath, or GI sensing. | Metabolic coaching, molecular monitoring, nutrition or drug-response context, hydration planning, and biochemical trend detection. | 1 | ||
uterine activity | Reproductive and hormonal | Clinical / regulated use | count, speed, force, or pattern | Continuous / repeated | Body movement, position, posture, or activity intensity from inertial sensors and wearable algorithms. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Fertility-window estimation, pregnancy surveillance, pelvic-floor training, menstrual tracking, lactation support, and menopause symptom monitoring. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 2 |
UV exposure | Skin, wound, and dermatology | Device-dependent validation | score / category | Product-dependent | Cumulative ultraviolet exposure dose measured by a skin-worn or personal exposure sensor. Examples: skin temperature trend, skin/wound pH strip or patch, wound thermal image. | Diabetic-foot monitoring, wound healing/infection triage, dermatology/UV behavior feedback, and chronic-wound follow-up. Examples: diabetic-foot monitoring, sun-exposure behavior, wound infection triage. | 1 |
vaginal pH | Reproductive and hormonal | Product-dependent evidence | pH | Spot check / episode | Acidity/alkalinity at a specific site, such as GI pH in motility capsules or skin/wound pH in patches. Examples: local acidity/alkalinity reading, pH trace. | Food intolerance workups, GI motility assessment, fermentation response, capsule diagnostics, and digestive-behavior feedback. Examples: fermentation response, food intolerance assessment, motility testing. | 1 |
vascular health trends | Cardiovascular and vascular | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A cardiovascular measure or derived cardiac/vascular state, usually interpreted from ECG, optical pulse, pressure, or rhythm algorithms. | Cardiac risk context, rhythm review, vascular trend tracking, recovery interpretation, and escalation to clinical review where appropriate. | 1 |
vibration alarm | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | device state / intensity | Session / event-based | A bed, mattress, or nearable device output such as thermal adjustment, support change, vibration wake alarm, or anti-snoring response. | Closed-loop sleep optimization, silent wake-up, comfort adjustment, anti-snoring response, and verification that the nearable acted as intended. | 1 |
vibration alert | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | score / category | Session / event-based | A therapy output, dose, stimulation, haptic, control, or assistance state generated or logged by the wearable system. | Therapy delivery, dose logging, stimulation control, symptom response tracking, and assistive or haptic output verification. | 1 |
vibration therapy | Therapeutic output and device control | Product-regulated output | event / state | Session / event-based | A device output or therapy event, such as insulin dose/delivery, electrical stimulation, haptic feedback, or neuromodulation session. Examples: assistance or haptic-output level, dose event, stimulation session. | Closed-loop or on-body therapy, symptom relief, assistive control, rehabilitation support, and product output verification. Examples: assistive control, closed-loop therapy, symptom relief. | 1 |
vigilance state | Neurological and neuromuscular | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | A nervous-system, brain, muscle, movement-disorder, or neuromuscular state inferred from electrophysiology, motion, or symptom-pattern sensing. Examples: breath hydrogen/methane, GI gas concentration profile, ingestible gas capsule reading. | Food intolerance workups, GI motility assessment, fermentation response, capsule diagnostics, and digestive-behavior feedback. Examples: fermentation response, food intolerance assessment, motility testing. | 1 |
virus index | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | An exposure level or environmental event near the wearer, such as air quality, gas, sound, odor, temperature, or workplace dose. | Exposure attribution, occupational safety, indoor-air decisions, environmental behavior change, and compliance documentation. | 2 |
VOCs | Environmental exposure | Instrument-grade / exposure | ppm, ug/m3, dB, %, or dose | Continuous / repeated | Personal environmental exposure near the wearer, such as air pollutants, radon, humidity, sound level, or occupational noise dose. Examples: indoor radon/VOC level, occupational noise dose, personal air-quality reading. | Personal exposure logging, workplace compliance, indoor-air-quality action, and environmental risk attribution. Examples: exposure attribution, indoor-air action, workplace compliance. | 5 |
walking pattern | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | score / category | Product-dependent | Walking rhythm, step timing, cadence, speed, interruptions, or gait-event sequence from foot, shoe, insole, or body sensors. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Mobility assessment, Parkinsonian gait/freezing detection, fall-risk context, rehab progress, and cueing or robotic assistance. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 1 |
walking speed | Musculoskeletal and biomechanics | Product-dependent evidence | count, speed, force, or pattern | Product-dependent | Walking rhythm, step timing, cadence, speed, interruptions, or gait-event sequence from foot, shoe, insole, or body sensors. Examples: accelerometer/gyroscope pattern, plantar-pressure map, step timing sequence. | Mobility assessment, Parkinsonian gait/freezing detection, fall-risk context, rehab progress, and cueing or robotic assistance. Examples: fall-risk context, Parkinsonian gait cueing, rehab progress. | 1 |
wound area | Skin, wound, and dermatology | Clinical / regulated use | image / area | Spot check / episode | A skin, wound, foot, thermal, UV, or inflammation-related condition captured by a patch, textile, image, or local sensor. Examples: skin temperature trend, skin/wound pH strip or patch, wound thermal image. | Diabetic-foot monitoring, wound healing/infection triage, dermatology/UV behavior feedback, and chronic-wound follow-up. Examples: diabetic-foot monitoring, sun-exposure behavior, wound infection triage. | 1 |
wound status | Skin, wound, and dermatology | Device-dependent validation | score, severity, or event state | Spot check / episode | A skin, wound, foot, thermal, UV, or inflammation-related condition captured by a patch, textile, image, or local sensor. Examples: skin temperature trend, skin/wound pH strip or patch, wound thermal image. | Diabetic-foot monitoring, wound healing/infection triage, dermatology/UV behavior feedback, and chronic-wound follow-up. Examples: diabetic-foot monitoring, sun-exposure behavior, wound infection triage. | 1 |
wound temperature | Skin, wound, and dermatology | Device-dependent validation | deg C | Continuous / repeated | Local wound-bed temperature used as a proxy for inflammation, infection risk, or healing status. Examples: local wound inflammation signal, wound-bed temperature trend. | Wound inflammation or infection-risk triage, healing follow-up, and escalation decisions in wound care. Examples: healing follow-up, wound infection triage, wound-care escalation. | 1 |
| Abbott | Lingo | AvailableIn development | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Consumer metabolic CGM; Future multi-analyte metabolic sensor | Skin sensor / CGM | Consumer | Lingo is Abbott’s over-the-counter glucose biosensor and app for tracking glucose response to food, exercise, and daily habits. Lingo is Abbott’s consumer biowearable platform; Abbott has described a broader future pipeline beyond glucose, including ketones, lactate, and alcohol. Company: Global healthcare company with diabetes care and biowearable platforms spanning FreeStyle Libre and Lingo. | Abbott Park, United States | ||
| Abbott | FreeStyle Libre | Available | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Continuous glucose monitor for diabetes | Implantable sensor + body transmitter | Medical | FreeStyle Libre is a continuous glucose monitor for diabetes that measures interstitial glucose, glucose trend. Company: Global healthcare company with diabetes care and biowearable platforms spanning FreeStyle Libre and Lingo. | Abbott Park, United States | ||
| Adaptyx Biosciences | Adaptyx Continuous Molecular Monitoring platform | Research | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Continuous molecular monitoring patch | Skin patch / adhesive | Academic / Lab | Adaptyx Continuous Molecular Monitoring platform is a wearable patch and dermal-probe platform designed to continuously read interstitial-fluid biomarkers such as free cortisol and other molecular analytes. Company: Biochemical sensing company developing continuous molecular-monitoring wearables for AI-powered care and high-frequency biomarker intelligence. | Menlo Park, United States | ||
| Airthings | Wave Plus | Available | Environmental and occupational exposure wearables | Indoor exposure nearable | Nearable / environmental | B2B / Workplace | Wave Plus is an indoor exposure monitor that measures radon, VOCs, carbon dioxide, humidity, ambient temperature. Company: Indoor air-quality company building connected radon, VOC, CO2, humidity, and particulate-monitoring devices. | Oslo, Norway | ||
| Aktiia / Hilo | Hilo Band | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Cuffless blood pressure | Wrist-worn | Medical | Hilo Band is a cuffless blood-pressure monitor that measures blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate. Company: Swiss-origin blood-pressure monitoring company commercializing optical cuffless blood-pressure technology under Hilo. | Neuchatel, Switzerland | ||
| AliveCor | KardiaMobile / KardiaMobile 6L | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Handheld ECG | Handheld / breath device | Medical | KardiaMobile / KardiaMobile 6L is a handheld ECG device that measures ECG waveform, heart rhythm, AFib / arrhythmia indication, heart rate. Company: Digital cardiac health company known for portable ECG devices and FDA-cleared arrhythmia algorithms. | Mountain View, United States | ||
| Amazfit / Zepp Health | Amazfit Helio Ring | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Smart rings | Finger / ring | Consumer | Amazfit Helio Ring is a consumer smart ring for sleep, readiness, recovery, heart-rate, HRV, SpO2, and activity-related tracking. Company: Consumer wearable brand from Zepp Health making smartwatches, smart rings, and fitness-health analytics. | Hefei, China | ||
| AnX Robotica | NaviCam | Available | Gut tracking, ingestibles and flatulence | Capsule endoscopy | Ingestible capsule | Medical | NaviCam is a capsule endoscopy platform for capturing gastrointestinal camera images for diagnostic review. Company: Medical robotics company developing capsule endoscopy and robotic GI visualization systems. | Plano, United States | ||
| Apple | Apple Watch | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring; Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Smartwatch ECG; Smartwatch health platform | Wrist-worn | ConsumerMedical | Apple Watch is a smartwatch platform with an ECG app/feature that records a single-lead ECG waveform and supports heart-rhythm / AFib indication use cases on supported models. Apple Watch is a smartwatch health platform that measures heart rate, heart-rate variability, ECG waveform, oxygen saturation / SpO2, sleep duration. Company: Consumer technology company integrating health, fitness, hearing, and regulated features into Apple Watch and AirPods. | Cupertino, United States | ||
| Atmo Biosciences | Atmo Gas Capsule | Available | Gut tracking, ingestibles and flatulence | Gut gas capsule | Ingestible capsule | Medical | Atmo Gas Capsule is a gut gas capsule that measures gut hydrogen, gut methane, gut carbon dioxide, gut oxygen, GI temperature. Company: Australian medtech company developing ingestible gas-sensing capsules for gastrointestinal diagnostics. | Box Hill, Australia | ||
| Atmotube | PRO 2 | Available | Environmental and occupational exposure wearables | Personal air-quality monitor | Nearable / environmental | B2B / Workplace | PRO 2 is a personal air-quality monitor that measures particulate matter, VOCs, NOx, carbon dioxide, humidity. Company: Personal air-quality monitor company making portable sensors for environmental exposure tracking. | San Francisco, United States | ||
| Ava Women | Ava Fertility | Available | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Fertility tracking bracelet | Wrist-worn | ConsumerMedical | Ava Fertility is an overnight wrist bracelet and app that collects continuous physiological data during sleep to estimate the fertile window. Company: Women’s reproductive-health company offering wearable and app-based fertility and cycle-tracking tools. | Austin, United States | ||
| Baxter / BardyDx | CAM Patch | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | ECG patch | Skin patch / adhesive | Medical | CAM Patch is a P-wave centric ambulatory ECG patch used to record cardiac rhythm data over multiple days. Company: Bardy Diagnostics, now part of Baxter, provides ambulatory cardiac monitoring solutions built around the CAM patch. | Deerfield, United States | ||
| Baxter / Hillrom | Centrella Smart+ Bed with contact-free monitoring | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Hospital bed contact-free monitoring | Bed-integrated / mattress | Medical | Centrella Smart+ Bed contact-free monitoring uses a bed-integrated sensor to detect cardiac and respiratory motion, trend HR/RR, and alert staff to possible patient distress. Company: Baxter/Hillrom provides hospital beds, connected care, and contact-free monitoring systems used in clinical environments. | Deerfield, United States | ||
| Beacon Biosignals | Waveband | Available | Eye, ear, brain and sensory wearables | Clinical EEG sleep headband | Head-worn | MedicalB2B / Workplace | Waveband is Beacon Biosignals’ at-home EEG headband, formerly Dreem 3S, for clinical-grade EEG collection and automated sleep staging. Company: Neurotechnology and clinical-trial company developing EEG analytics, sleep staging, and wearable brain-monitoring tools for CNS research. | Boston, United States | ||
| Beta Bionics | iLet Bionic Pancreas | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Automated insulin pump / controller | Body-worn pump | Medical | iLet Bionic Pancreas is an automated insulin pump/controller that uses compatible external CGM data to calculate and command insulin delivery; it is an insulin-delivery device rather than a glucose sensor. Company: Diabetes technology company developing automated insulin-delivery systems for people with diabetes. | Irvine, United States | ||
| Biobeat | Biobeat Chest Monitor / Wrist Monitor | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Cuffless blood pressure | Wrist-worn | Medical | Biobeat Chest Monitor and Wrist Monitor measure cuffless blood pressure and other vital signs continuously for clinical monitoring workflows. Company: Israeli medical wearable company building cuffless, continuous vital-sign monitoring for hospitals, home care, and remote patient monitoring. | Petah Tikva, Israel | ||
| BioIntelliSense | BioButton | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Remote patient monitoring patch | Skin patch / adhesive | Medical | BioButton is a small adhesive wearable for continuous multi-parameter vital-sign monitoring in care-at-home and clinical programs. Company: Remote patient monitoring company developing medical-grade wearable biosensors and clinical intelligence software. | Golden, United States | ||
| Biolinq | Biolinq Shine | In development | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | OTC glucose monitor for non-insulin users | Skin patch / adhesive | ConsumerMedical | Biolinq Shine is a wearable glucose biosensor positioned for adults with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin. Company: Biosensor company developing wearable glucose sensing technology for people living with diabetes and metabolic health needs. | San Diego, United States | ||
| Bloomlife | Bloomlife Smart Pregnancy Tracker | Available | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Remote pregnancy monitoring | Abdomen / pregnancy wearable | ConsumerMedical | Bloomlife Smart Pregnancy Tracker is a wearable pregnancy monitoring product for tracking contraction and pregnancy-related signals at home. Company: Maternal health technology company focused on pregnancy monitoring and maternal-fetal data. | San Francisco, United States | ||
| Bottneuro | Miamind Neurostimulator | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Personalized neuromodulation cap | Head-worn | Medical | Miamind Neurostimulator is a patient-specific, head-worn tES and EEG system with a customized cap and neckpiece for guided home neuromodulation sessions. Company: Swiss clinical-stage neurotechnology company developing personalized non-invasive neuromodulation systems for neurological disorders. | Basel, Switzerland | ||
| Bryte | Bryte Balance smart mattress | Available | Sleep and recovery nearables | Smart mattress sleep optimization | Bed-integrated / mattress | Consumer | Bryte Balance is a smart mattress nearable that monitors sleep and cardiorespiratory patterns while adjusting firmness, pressure relief, and support during the night. Company: Restorative sleep technology company making AI-powered smart mattresses for consumers, hospitality, and partner licensing. | Los Altos, United States | ||
| CapsoVision | CapsoCam Plus | Available | Gut tracking, ingestibles and flatulence | Capsule endoscopy | Ingestible capsule | Medical | CapsoCam Plus is a capsule endoscopy product that captures GI camera images. Company: Medical device company focused on capsule endoscopy systems for gastrointestinal visualization. | Saratoga, United States | ||
| Cefaly | Cefaly Enhanced | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Migraine neuromodulation wearable | Head-worn | Medical | Cefaly Enhanced is a forehead-worn neuromodulation device that delivers electrical stimulation for migraine prevention and acute treatment. Company: Neuromodulation company focused on external trigeminal nerve stimulation devices for migraine. | Seraing, Belgium | ||
| CeQur | CeQur Simplicity | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Wearable mealtime insulin patch | Body-worn drug-delivery patch | Medical | CeQur Simplicity is a discreet, tubeless wearable insulin patch that delivers rapid-acting insulin by button click for meals and correction boluses; it is an insulin-delivery patch, not a sensor or CGM. Company: Diabetes device company commercializing a simple wearable mealtime insulin patch as an alternative to repeated insulin injections. | Horw, Switzerland | ||
| Circular | Circular Ring | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Smart rings | Finger / ring | Consumer | Circular Ring is a consumer smart ring that tracks sleep, heart rate, HRV, temperature, SpO2, activity, and recovery metrics. Company: French smart-ring company focused on sleep, recovery, activity, and wellness insights. | Paris, France | ||
| Dexcom | G7 | Available | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Continuous glucose monitor for diabetes | Implantable sensor + body transmitter | Medical | G7 is a continuous glucose monitor for diabetes that measures interstitial glucose, glucose trend. Company: Diabetes technology company focused on continuous glucose monitoring systems. | San Diego, United States | ||
| Dexcom | Stelo | Available | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | OTC glucose monitor for non-insulin users | Skin sensor / CGM | Medical | Stelo is an over-the-counter glucose biosensor for adults not using insulin that measures interstitial glucose and glucose trends. Company: Diabetes technology company focused on continuous glucose monitoring systems. | San Diego, United States | ||
| Digitsole | Digitsole Pro | Available | Smart textiles, feet, wounds and skin | Smart insoles | Foot-worn | B2B / Workplace | Digitsole Pro is a smart insole that measures plantar pressure, gait, cadence, motion. Company: Connected insole company building gait, pressure, and mobility analytics for health and performance. | Nancy, France | ||
| Dozee | Dozee Contactless Vitals / Early Warning System | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Contactless bed vital-sign monitoring | Under-mattress sensor | MedicalB2B / Workplace | Dozee uses an under-mattress sensor sheet to capture heartbeat, respiration, and body-movement micro-vibrations for continuous contactless vital-sign monitoring and early warning workflows. Company: Indian health-tech company building contactless remote patient monitoring and AI-based early warning systems for hospitals and home care. | Bengaluru, India | ||
| Earable Neuroscience | FRENZ Brainband | Research | Eye, ear, brain and sensory wearables | EEG / fNIRS mental fitness and sleep headbands | Head-worn | ConsumerAcademic / Lab | FRENZ Brainband is an EEG meditation and sleep headband that measures EEG, EOG, EMG, sleep stages, neurofeedback state. Company: Neurotechnology company building head-worn sleep and cognitive-performance wearables. | Boulder, United States | ||
| Eight Sleep | Pod / Pod Cover | Available | Sleep and recovery nearables | Smart mattress cover / sleep climate system | Bed-integrated / mattress | Consumer | Pod / Pod Cover is a smart mattress cover / sleep climate system that captures heart rate, heart-rate variability, respiratory rate, sleep duration, sleep stages. Company: Sleep technology company building temperature-regulating smart bed systems and sleep/recovery analytics. | New York, United States | ||
| Ekso Bionics | EksoNR | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Rehabilitation exoskeleton | Exoskeleton / robotic wearable | Medical | EksoNR is a rehabilitation exoskeleton that assists gait training while tracking step count, joint movement, and robotic assistance level. Company: Wearable robotics company developing exoskeletons for rehabilitation and mobility support. | San Rafael, United States | ||
| Eli Health | Hormometer | In development | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Cortisol tracking | Skin patch / adhesive | Academic / Lab | Hormometer is a cortisol tracking product that measures cortisol. Company: Women’s health company developing at-home hormone testing and longitudinal hormone insights. | Montreal, Canada | ||
| Elvie | Elvie Trainer | Available | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Pelvic-floor trainer | Intra-vaginal / intimate device | Consumer | Elvie Trainer is a pelvic-floor trainer that measures pelvic-floor force, motion, exercise performance. Company: Femtech company building app-connected pelvic-floor and wearable breast-pump hardware. | London, United Kingdom | ||
| Elvie | Elvie Pump | Available | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Wearable breast pump | Torso / chest-worn | Consumer | Elvie Pump is a wearable breast pump that measures milk volume, pump session timing. Company: Femtech company building app-connected pelvic-floor and wearable breast-pump hardware. | London, United Kingdom | ||
| Emfit | Emfit QS / Emfit CARE | Available | Sleep and recovery nearables | Under-mattress sleep and recovery sensor | Under-mattress sensor | Consumer | Emfit QS and Emfit CARE are under-mattress nearables that derive heart rate, HRV, breathing rate, movement, sleep, and bed-occupancy data from body motion. Company: Finnish company focused on contact-free under-mattress sleep, recovery, seizure-movement, and care monitoring sensors. | Vaajakoski, Finland | ||
| Emm | Smart Menstrual Cup | In development | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Smart menstrual cup | Menstrual cup | Consumer | Smart Menstrual Cup is a smart menstrual cup that measures menstrual flow volume, cup fill level. Company: Femtech startup developing a connected menstrual cup for menstrual-flow tracking. | London, United Kingdom | ||
| Empatica | EpiMonitor | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Seizure monitoring system | Wrist-worn | Medical | EpiMonitor is Empatica’s seizure-monitoring system. It uses the EmbracePlus wrist wearable and companion app to detect possible generalized tonic-clonic seizures, alert caregivers, and support seizure, sleep, and activity diaries. Company: Medical wearable company building seizure, clinical monitoring, actigraphy, and remote-care devices using wrist-worn biosensors. | Boston, United States | ||
| Empatica | EmbracePlus | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Continuous health monitoring wearable | Wrist-worn | Medical | EmbracePlus is Empatica’s medical-grade wrist wearable for continuous health monitoring, clinical research, and EpiMonitor seizure monitoring. It collects raw sensor data and digital biomarkers through the Empatica Health Monitoring Platform. Company: Medical wearable company building seizure, clinical monitoring, actigraphy, and remote-care devices using wrist-worn biosensors. | Boston, United States | ||
| Empatica | EmbraceMini | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Actigraphy wearable | Other / mixed form factor | Medical | EmbraceMini is Empatica’s compact actigraphy wearable for clinical trials and care. It can be worn with dedicated accessories on different body locations and uses motion and ambient-light sensors for continuous sleep and activity data collection. Company: Medical wearable company building seizure, clinical monitoring, actigraphy, and remote-care devices using wrist-worn biosensors. | Boston, United States | ||
| EnLiSense | CORTI | In development | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Cortisol tracking | Skin patch / adhesive | Academic / Lab | CORTI is EnLiSense’s sweat-sensor product line for cortisol and related hormone monitoring in wellness contexts. Company: Biosensor company developing sweat-based sensing platforms for inflammatory and stress biomarkers. | Allen, United States | ||
| EOFlow | EOPatch | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Tubeless insulin patch pump | Body-worn drug-delivery patch | Medical | EOPatch is EOFlow’s tubeless, disposable on-body insulin patch pump for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, supporting basal and bolus insulin delivery; it delivers insulin rather than measuring glucose directly. Company: Diabetes device company developing wearable insulin patch pumps and connected diabetes management systems. | Seongnam, South Korea | ||
| Epicore Biosystems | Discovery Patch Sweat Collection System | Research | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Professional sweat biomarker platform | Skin patch / adhesive | MedicalB2B / WorkplaceAcademic / Lab | Discovery Patch Sweat Collection System is Epicore’s orderable professional wearable patch system for collecting sweat during on-body wear, extracting the sample into vials, and enabling downstream biomarker analysis in clinical research and healthcare-professional contexts. Company: Digital health company building wearable microfluidic sweat systems for hydration, heat, and biomarker monitoring. | Cambridge, United States | ||
| ETH Zurich | MenstruAI | Research | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | In-pad menstrual biomarker sensor | Menstrual pad / liner | ConsumerAcademic / Lab | MenstruAI is a research smart sanitary pad concept with integrated colorimetric test-strip sensors for detecting menstrual-blood biomarkers directly in the pad, without mailing a sample to a laboratory. Company: Swiss research university developing experimental diagnostic and bioengineering technologies. | Zurich, Switzerland | ||
| FeetMe | FeetMe Monitor | Available | Smart textiles, feet, wounds and skin | Smart insoles | Foot-worn | Medical | FeetMe Monitor is a smart insole that measures plantar pressure, gait, cadence, motion. Company: French medical technology company building connected insoles for gait, mobility, and rehabilitation analytics. | Paris, France | ||
| Flow Neuroscience | Flow headset | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Personalized neuromodulation cap | Head-worn | Medical | Flow headset is a head-worn transcranial direct-current stimulation device used with an app-based therapy program. Company: Swedish digital therapeutics company developing home-use brain stimulation and behavioral therapy for depression. | Malmo, Sweden | ||
| FLOWBIO | FLOWBIO Sensor | Available | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Hydration / electrolyte sweat sensor | Skin patch / adhesive | Consumer | FLOWBIO Sensor measures sweat loss and sodium/electrolyte patterns to guide hydration and fueling decisions during training and racing. Company: Sports biosensor company building wearable sweat analytics for endurance athletes and teams. | London, United Kingdom | ||
| FoodMarble | AIRE 2 | Available | Gut tracking, ingestibles and flatulence | Breath gut-fermentation tracker | Handheld / breath device | ConsumerMedical | AIRE 2 is a breath-based gut-fermentation tracker that measures breath hydrogen, breath methane, fermentation response. Company: Digestive health company making consumer breath analyzers for fermentation and food-response tracking. | Dublin, Ireland | ||
| Fullpower-AI | Sleeptracker-AI | Available | Sleep and recovery nearables | Bed sensor sleep analytics platform | Bed-integrated / mattress | Consumer | Sleeptracker-AI is a nearable sleep-monitoring platform that can determine bed presence and measure heart rate, HRV, respiration rate, sleep stages, snoring, breathing disturbances, and sleep quality. Company: AI biosensing company behind Sleeptracker-AI, a contactless sleep and smart-bed intelligence platform. | Santa Cruz, United States | ||
| Garmin | HRM-Pro | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Chest straps | Torso / chest-worn | Consumer | HRM-Pro is a chest strap that measures heart rate, heart-rate variability. Company: Wearables and navigation company with sports watches, chest straps, and health-tracking platforms. | Olathe, United States | ||
| Garmin | Garmin Venu 3 | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Smartwatch health platform | Wrist-worn | ConsumerMedical | Garmin Venu 3 is a health and fitness smartwatch with heart-rate, HRV, sleep, activity, and region-dependent ECG app support. Company: Wearables and navigation company with sports watches, chest straps, and health-tracking platforms. | Olathe, United States | ||
| Gatorade | Gx Sweat Patch | Available | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Hydration / electrolyte sweat sensor | Skin patch / adhesive | Consumer | Gx Sweat Patch is Gatorade’s single-use microfluidic sweat patch for athletes. Worn during a workout and scanned with the Gx app, it estimates sweat rate, fluid loss, and sodium loss to generate personalized hydration recommendations. Company: Sports performance beverage and nutrition brand within PepsiCo that offers the Gx hydration system, including bottles, pods, an app, and the Gx Sweat Patch. | Chicago, United States | ||
| GlakoLens | GlakoLens smart contact lens | In development | Eye, ear, brain and sensory wearables | Glaucoma IOP monitoring smart contact lens | Contact lens / eye | Medical | GlakoLens is developing a non-invasive smart contact lens system for 24-hour continuous intraocular-pressure monitoring, intended to help doctors diagnose glaucoma earlier and personalize glaucoma treatment decisions. Company: Medical technology company developing a smart diagnostic contact lens system for glaucoma management and continuous intraocular-pressure monitoring. | Istanbul, Turkey | ||
| Google / Fitbit | Google Pixel Watch / Fitbit Charge 6 | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Smartwatch health platform | Wrist-worn | ConsumerMedical | Google Pixel Watch and Fitbit Charge 6 are official Google/Fitbit wearable product lines used here as examples of Fitbit-powered health tracking. Company: Consumer health and wearable platform combining Fitbit devices, Pixel Watch, and Google health software. | Mountain View, United States | ||
| GraphWear | GraphWear sweat biosensor | Research | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Professional sweat biomarker platform | Skin patch / adhesive | B2B / WorkplaceAcademic / Lab | GraphWear’s wearable biosensor platform targets continuous biochemical monitoring from sweat and related molecular signals. Company: Wearable biosensor company developing graphene-based molecular sensing for continuous health monitoring. | San Francisco, United States | ||
| HabitatMap | AirBeam3 | Research | Environmental and occupational exposure wearables | Personal air-quality monitor | Nearable / environmental | ConsumerB2B / WorkplaceAcademic / Lab | AirBeam3 is an orderable portable air-quality monitor for measuring PM1, PM2.5, PM10, relative humidity, and ambient temperature while mapping personal or community exposure. HabitatMap also offers AirBeam Mini as a lower-cost personal monitor. Company: Environmental health nonprofit and technology project building tools for personal exposure monitoring and air-quality mapping. | Brooklyn, United States | ||
| Happy Health | Happy Ring | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Ring-based home sleep test | Finger / ring | Medical | Happy Ring is a finger-worn medical smart ring used in Happy Health Home Sleep Test, an FDA-cleared software-as-a-medical-device workflow for evaluating sleep-related breathing disorders at home under clinician direction. Happy Sleep is the patient-facing care platform around the test. Company: Health technology company behind the Happy Ring medical smart ring and Happy Sleep, a home sleep-testing and sleep-care platform. | Austin, United States | ||
| hDrop | hDrop | Available | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Hydration / electrolyte sweat sensor | Skin patch / adhesive | Consumer | hDrop is a hydration and electrolyte sweat sensor that measures sweat rate, fluid loss, sodium, electrolytes, hydration status. Company: Sports biosensor company making sweat and hydration-monitoring wearables. | Little Rock, United States | ||
| Hexoskin | Hexoskin Smart Shirt / Hexoskin Medical System | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Smart clothing / biometric shirts | Torso / chest-worn | ConsumerMedical | Hexoskin Smart Shirt is a directly orderable biometric smart garment and recorder system for heart, breathing and activity data. Hexoskin Medical System is the FDA-cleared clinical version for clinician-directed long-term ECG, respiratory-rate and activity recording at home or in healthcare settings. Company: Smart-garment company building textile-based ECG, respiratory, and activity monitoring systems. | Montreal, Canada | ||
| Huawei | Huawei Watch D2 | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Watch-style blood-pressure cuff | Wrist-worn | ConsumerMedical | Huawei Watch D2 is a wrist-worn smartwatch with ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring and ECG/health features in supported markets. Company: Global consumer electronics and telecommunications company with smartwatch and health-sensing products. | Shenzhen, China | ||
| identifyHer | Peri | In development | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Perimenopause wearable | Torso / chest-worn | Consumer | Peri is a perimenopause wearable that measures hot flashes, night sweats, skin temperature, heart rate. Company: Women’s health company developing wearable tracking for perimenopause symptoms. | Dublin, Ireland | ||
| Insulet | Omnipod 5 | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Tubeless automated insulin patch pump | Body-worn drug-delivery patch | Medical | Omnipod 5 is a tubeless on-body insulin patch pump controlled by an app/controller; in automated mode it uses glucose data from a compatible external CGM to adjust insulin delivery, but the Pod itself is an insulin-delivery device, not a CGM sensor. Company: Diabetes technology company making tubeless wearable insulin-pump systems. | Acton, United States | ||
| iRhythm | Zio | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | ECG patch | Skin patch / adhesive | Medical | Zio is an ECG patch that measures ECG waveform, heart rhythm, AFib / arrhythmia indication, heart rate. Company: Digital cardiac diagnostics company known for Zio ambulatory ECG patch monitoring. | San Francisco, United States | ||
| Itamar Medical / ZOLL | WatchPAT | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Sleep apnea home test | Finger sensor / probe | Medical | WatchPAT is a home sleep-apnea test that measures sleep apnea events, oxygen saturation / SpO2, pulse rate, peripheral arterial tone, actigraphy. Company: Sleep diagnostics company within ZOLL known for WatchPAT home sleep apnea testing. | Caesarea / Chelmsford, Israel / United States | ||
| kegg | kegg | Available | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Cervical-fluid fertility monitor | Intra-vaginal / intimate device | Consumer | kegg is a cervical-fluid fertility monitor that measures cervical fluid electrolytes, fertile-window signal. Company: Fertility technology company making a cervical-fluid electrolyte monitor. | San Francisco, United States | ||
| Kenzen | Kenzen Patch | Available | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Hydration / heat strain monitor | Skin patch / adhesive | B2B / Workplace | Kenzen Patch is a worker-worn heat safety sensor that tracks physiological strain and heat-risk indicators for industrial teams. Company: Industrial safety wearable company focused on heat-stress prevention and workforce physiology monitoring. | Kansas City, United States | ||
| L’Oreal / La Roche-Posay | My Skin Track UV | Discontinued | Smart textiles, feet, wounds and skin | UV exposure wearable | Skin patch / adhesive | Unclear | My Skin Track UV was a formerly sold, battery-free clip-on UV exposure sensor from La Roche-Posay / L’Oréal that measured cumulative UVA/UVB exposure and synced readings to a companion app. It is kept here as a discontinued historical example, not as a current product. Company: Beauty and dermatology brand group experimenting with skin, UV, and personal-care sensing. | Clichy, France | ||
| Lifeward / ReWalk Robotics | ReWalk | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Rehabilitation exoskeleton | Exoskeleton / robotic wearable | Medical | ReWalk is a rehabilitation exoskeleton that supports assisted walking while tracking gait, step count, joint movement, and assistance level. Company: Mobility technology company developing exoskeleton and rehabilitation systems. | Marlborough / Yokneam Illit, United States / Israel | ||
| Lumen | Lumen | Available | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Breath metabolism | Handheld / breath device | Consumer | Lumen is a breath metabolism device that measures breath carbon dioxide, metabolic fuel-use estimate. Company: Metabolic health company making handheld breath analyzers for fuel-use and nutrition feedback. | Tel Aviv, Israel | ||
| Magnes | NUSHU / NUSHU X | Available | Movement, gait and mobility wearables | Smart gait-analysis shoes / mobility cueing | Smart footwear / shoes | MedicalB2B / WorkplaceAcademic / Lab | NUSHU / NUSHU X are sensorized smart shoes that measure gait and walking patterns, analyze mobility with AI, and deliver vibration cues to support more confident walking. Company: ETH Zurich spin-off in Zurich developing AI-powered smart footwear for gait analysis, mobility support, and vibrotactile feedback. | Zurich, Switzerland | ||
| Medtronic | PillCam SB3 | Available | Gut tracking, ingestibles and flatulence | Capsule endoscopy | Ingestible capsule | Medical | PillCam SB3 is Medtronic’s ingestible capsule endoscopy system for direct visualization of the small bowel. It captures gastrointestinal camera images for physician review; newer PillCam Genius kits add a body-adhered link device for at-home or hybrid capsule procedures. Company: Global medical technology company with diabetes, gastrointestinal, neuromodulation, and surgical platforms. | Minneapolis, United States | ||
| Medtronic | SmartPill Motility Testing System | Discontinued | Gut tracking, ingestibles and flatulence | GI motility capsule | Ingestible capsule | Medical | SmartPill Motility Testing System was a formerly sold clinical wireless motility capsule that measured GI pH, pressure, temperature and transit time across the gastrointestinal tract. It is included as a discontinued historical product, not as a currently available Medtronic product. Company: Global medical technology company with diabetes, gastrointestinal, neuromodulation, and surgical platforms. | Minneapolis, United States | ||
| Moticon | ReGo | Available | Smart textiles, feet, wounds and skin | Smart insoles | Foot-worn | B2B / Workplace | ReGo is a smart insole that measures plantar pressure, gait, cadence, motion. Company: Connected insole company focused on plantar-pressure, gait, and movement analysis. | Munich, Germany | ||
| Movano Health | Evie Ring | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Smart rings | Finger / ring | Consumer | Evie Ring is a smart ring for women that tracks sleep, activity, heart rate, HRV, SpO2, skin temperature, and cycle-related context. Company: Health technology company developing wearable devices and analytics with a focus on women’s health. | Pleasanton, United States | ||
| Muse | Muse 2 Headband / Muse S Athena | Research | Eye, ear, brain and sensory wearables | EEG / fNIRS mental fitness and sleep headbands | Head-worn | ConsumerMedicalAcademic / Lab | Muse 2 Headband is a directly orderable EEG headband for meditation, focus and calm training. Muse S Athena is a sleep and cognitive-fitness headband combining EEG with fNIRS, with features for sleep support, stress, focus and recovery-oriented insights. Company: Consumer neurotechnology company making EEG headbands for meditation and sleep feedback. | Toronto, Canada | ||
| Myant | Heart-Aid Kit / SKIIN Connected Clothing System | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Smart textile cardiac monitoring garments | Skin patch / adhesive | ConsumerMedical | Heart-Aid Kit / SKIIN Connected Clothing System combines washable sensor garments and a reusable pod/app workflow for extended ECG-based cardiac monitoring without adhesive patches. Company: Canadian smart-textile and cardiac-monitoring company commercializing SKIIN connected garments for continuous ECG-based monitoring and patient-friendly cardiac screening. | Toronto, Canada | ||
| Naox Technologies | NAOX LINK | Available | Eye, ear, brain and sensory wearables | Clinical in-ear EEG | Ear-worn / hearable | ConsumerMedicalB2B / WorkplaceAcademic / Lab | NAOX LINK is an FDA-authorized in-ear EEG system for clinicians and researchers to acquire, record, and transmit single-channel EEG in home, healthcare, and clinical-research settings. It appears available through professional/contact-sales pathways, not as a consumer buy-now product. Company: French neurotechnology company developing in-ear EEG systems for clinical brain monitoring and consumer-electronics integration. | Paris, France | ||
| Naox Technologies | NAOX WAVE | In development | Eye, ear, brain and sensory wearables | Consumer earbud EEG integration platform | Ear-worn / hearable | Consumer | NAOX WAVE is a plug-and-play EEG hardware, algorithm, SDK, and API platform intended for consumer earbud manufacturers. It is consumer-facing in use case, but currently presented as an OEM/partner platform rather than a retail product that individuals can buy. Company: French neurotechnology company developing in-ear EEG systems for clinical brain monitoring and consumer-electronics integration. | Paris, France | ||
| Nerivio / Theranica | Nerivio | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Migraine neuromodulation wearable | Upper-arm / armband | Medical | Nerivio is a migraine neuromodulation wearable that delivers remote electrical neuromodulation and tracks migraine symptom response. Company: Digital therapeutics company making wearable remote electrical neuromodulation for migraine. | Netanya, Israel | ||
| NextSense | NextSense Smartbuds | Available | Eye, ear, brain and sensory wearables | EEG sleep earbuds | Ear-worn / hearable | Consumer | NextSense Smartbuds are directly orderable EEG earbuds that use six dry-contact EEG sensors and adaptive audio to track brain activity during sleep and support deeper slow-wave sleep, meditation, and focus. Company: Brain-health company commercializing consumer EEG earbuds and neural-data software for sleep, meditation, and focus applications. | Mountain View, United States | ||
| Nix Biosensors | Nix Hydration Biosensor | Available | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Hydration / electrolyte sweat sensor | Skin patch / adhesive | Consumer | Nix Hydration Biosensor is a hydration and electrolyte sweat sensor that measures sweat rate, fluid loss, sodium, electrolytes, hydration status. Company: Wearable biosensor company focused on sweat-based hydration and electrolyte monitoring. | Boston, United States | ||
| Nuance Audio | Nuance Audio Glasses | Available | Eye, ear, brain and sensory wearables | Hearing glasses | Eyewear / glasses | ConsumerMedical | Nuance Audio Glasses combine prescription-style eyewear with built-in hearing technology for mild-to-moderate hearing support; the product amplifies and shapes audio for the wearer rather than measuring a clinical biomarker. Company: EssilorLuxottica hearing-technology brand building audio glasses for mild-to-moderate hearing support. | Charenton-le-Pont, France | ||
| Nutromics | Lab-on-a-Patch | Research | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Continuous molecular monitoring patch | Skin patch / adhesive | MedicalAcademic / Lab | Lab-on-a-Patch is a wearable molecular monitoring platform designed to continuously measure clinically relevant analytes such as therapeutic drug levels. Company: Australian medtech company developing continuous molecular monitoring through a wearable Lab-on-a-Patch platform. | Melbourne, Australia | ||
| Nuvo | INVU | Available | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Remote pregnancy monitoring | Abdomen / pregnancy wearable | ConsumerMedical | INVU is a remote pregnancy monitoring wearable that measures fetal heart rate, maternal heart rate, uterine activity. Company: Maternal-fetal health company building remote pregnancy monitoring technology. | Tel Aviv, Israel | ||
| Omron | HeartGuide | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Watch-style blood-pressure cuff | Wrist-worn | Medical | HeartGuide is a watch-style blood-pressure cuff that measures blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate. Company: Medical device company known for blood-pressure monitors and cardiovascular home-health devices. | Kyoto, Japan | ||
| Orpyx | SI Sensory Insoles | Available | Smart textiles, feet, wounds and skin | Smart insoles | Foot-worn | Medical | Orpyx SI Sensory Insoles track plantar pressure and movement patterns to support diabetic foot care and pressure offloading. Company: Canadian digital health company developing sensorized insoles and remote monitoring for diabetic foot and mobility care. | Calgary, Canada | ||
| Oura | Oura Ring | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Smart rings | Finger / ring | Unclear | Oura Ring is a smart ring that measures heart rate, heart-rate variability, skin temperature, sleep duration, sleep stages. Company: Smart ring company focused on sleep, recovery, temperature, readiness, and women’s health insights. | Oulu / San Francisco, Finland / United States | ||
| OvulaRing | OvulaRing | Available | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Temperature-based fertility tracker | Intra-vaginal / intimate device | ConsumerMedical | OvulaRing is a vaginal ring fertility tracker that measures core body temperature, ovulation temperature shift. Company: Fertility technology company using a vaginal temperature ring for cycle and ovulation insights. | Leipzig, Germany | ||
| OvuSense | OvuCore | Available | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Temperature-based fertility tracker | Intra-vaginal / intimate device | ConsumerMedical | OvuCore is an intra-vaginal temperature fertility sensor that measures core body temperature, ovulation temperature shift. Company: Fertility technology company making vaginal temperature sensors for ovulation tracking. | Old Saybrook, United States | ||
| Perifit | Perifit Care | Available | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Pelvic-floor trainer | Intra-vaginal / intimate device | Consumer | Perifit Care is an app-connected pelvic-floor trainer that uses pressure/movement biofeedback to guide training exercises. Company: Femtech company building connected pelvic-floor training and women’s health devices. | Paris, France | ||
| PKG Health / Global Kinetics | PKG Watch | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Parkinson’s monitoring | Wrist-worn | MedicalB2B / Workplace | PKG Watch is a Parkinson’s monitoring device that measures tremor, bradykinesia, dyskinesia, motion, medication response patterns. Company: Movement-disorder monitoring company building wrist-worn Parkinson’s assessment tools. | Melbourne, Australia | ||
| Polar | Polar H10 | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | ECG chest-strap heart-rate sensor | Torso / chest-worn | Medical | Polar H10 is an ECG chest-strap heart-rate sensor for high-precision training heart-rate monitoring. It transmits heart rate and R-R interval data for HRV/recovery analysis with compatible Polar devices and apps, and includes an accelerometer. Company: Finnish sports wearable company known for heart-rate sensors, sports watches, training analytics, and Polar Flow. | Kempele, Finland | ||
| Quell | Quell Fibromyalgia | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Fibromyalgia / pain neuromodulation | Leg / calf-worn | Medical | Quell Fibromyalgia is a pain neuromodulation wearable that delivers electrical stimulation and tracks pain symptom response. Company: Wearable neuromodulation brand focused on fibromyalgia pain management. | Woburn, United States | ||
| ResMed | NightOwl | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Sleep apnea home test | Finger sensor / probe | Medical | NightOwl is a home sleep-apnea test that measures sleep apnea events, oxygen saturation / SpO2, pulse rate, peripheral arterial tone, actigraphy. Company: Connected respiratory health company with sleep apnea, ventilation, and home sleep testing products. | San Diego, United States | ||
| RingConn | RingConn Gen 3 | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Smart ring | Finger / ring | ConsumerMedical | RingConn Gen 3 is a consumer smart ring for continuous wellness tracking, including heart rate, HRV, SpO2, respiratory rate, skin temperature, sleep, activity, stress, sleep-apnea pattern awareness, vascular trend insights, and vibration alerts. RingConn states it is not a medical device and does not provide diagnostic blood-pressure measurement. Company: Smart ring company making consumer health, sleep, recovery, stress, and activity tracking rings without a subscription model. | Wilmington, United States | ||
| Samsung | Galaxy Watch | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring; Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Smartwatch ECG; Smartwatch health platform | Wrist-worn | ConsumerMedical | Galaxy Watch is a smartwatch platform with an ECG app/feature for ECG waveform capture and heart-rhythm / AFib indication use cases on supported models and in supported markets. Galaxy Watch is a smartwatch health platform that measures heart rate, heart-rate variability, ECG waveform, oxygen saturation / SpO2, sleep duration. Company: Consumer electronics company with Galaxy Watch, Galaxy Ring, and regulated health features. | Suwon, South Korea | ||
| Samsung | Galaxy Ring | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Smart rings | Finger / ring | Unclear | Galaxy Ring is a smart ring that measures heart rate, heart-rate variability, skin temperature, sleep duration, sleep stages. Company: Consumer electronics company with Galaxy Watch, Galaxy Ring, and regulated health features. | Suwon, South Korea | ||
| Senseonics | Eversense 365 | Available | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Continuous glucose monitor for diabetes | Implantable sensor + body transmitter | Medical | Eversense 365 is a continuous glucose monitor for diabetes that measures interstitial glucose, glucose trend. Company: Diabetes technology company developing long-duration implantable CGM systems. | Germantown, United States | ||
| Sensimed | Triggerfish | Available | Eye, ear, brain and sensory wearables | Smart contact lens for glaucoma monitoring | Contact lens / eye | Medical | Triggerfish is a smart contact lens for glaucoma monitoring that measures intraocular pressure pattern, ocular dimensional change. Company: Ophthalmic device company known for the Triggerfish smart contact lens sensor. | Etagnières, Switzerland | ||
| Sensoria | Sensoria Smart Socks | Available | Smart textiles, feet, wounds and skin | Running gait smart socks | Foot-worn | ConsumerMedical | Sensoria Smart Socks are consumer-facing smart socks for runners and walkers that use textile pressure sensors to measure cadence, foot landing, impact forces, foot contact, and running form via the Sensoria app. Company: Smart textile company building consumer running smart socks and clinical/developer gait-sensing platforms using textile pressure sensors. | Redmond, United States | ||
| SIBIONICS | SIBIONICS CGM | Available | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Continuous glucose monitor for diabetes | Skin sensor / CGM | ConsumerMedical | SIBIONICS CGM is a skin-worn continuous glucose monitor sold through consumer/retail and professional channels; it tracks real-time glucose for up to 14 days, shows glucose trends in the SIBIONICS app, and provides high/low glucose reminders. Company: Medical technology company focused on continuous glucose monitoring and diabetes-management products for consumer retail and professional glucose-management settings. | Shenzhen, China | ||
| Siren | Siren Socks | Available | Smart textiles, feet, wounds and skin | Diabetic foot smart sock | Foot-worn | Medical | Siren Socks is a diabetic foot smart sock that measures foot temperature, inflammation signal. Company: Remote patient monitoring company making temperature-sensing socks for diabetic foot care. | San Francisco, United States | ||
| Sky Labs | CART BP | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Cuffless blood pressure | Finger / ring | ConsumerMedical | CART BP is a consumer-available, finger-worn ring blood-pressure monitor that automatically tracks systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate for up to 24-hour monitoring, including nighttime use; Sky Labs states MFDS certification and accuracy of mean difference ≤ ±5 mmHg and SD ≤ 8 mmHg. Company: South Korean digital healthcare company developing ring-type cuffless blood-pressure monitoring products for direct-to-consumer and professional hypertension monitoring. | Seongnam, South Korea | ||
| Sleep Number | Sleep Number smart bed / SleepIQ | Available | Sleep and recovery nearables | Smart bed sleep sensing | Bed-integrated / mattress | Consumer | Sleep Number smart beds and SleepIQ capture nightly average heart rate, HRV, breath rate, sleep patterns, movement, and bed-presence context without a worn device. Company: Smart bed company known for adjustable beds, SleepIQ software, and overnight sleep/biosignal insights. | Minneapolis, United States | ||
| Sleep.ai / SleepScore Labs | SleepScore Max | Discontinued | Sleep and recovery nearables | Bedside sonar sleep tracker | Bedside / room sensor | Consumer | SleepScore Max was a bedside nearable that used low-power radio waves to measure breathing and movement, with environmental sensing for bedroom light and temperature. Company: Sleep intelligence company formerly known as SleepScore Labs, now offering sleep-science, validation, APIs, and data products. | Carlsbad, United States | ||
| Spoonified | Spoonified intelligent utensil | In development | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | AI nutrition-tracking utensil | Handheld / utensil | Consumer | Spoonified intelligent utensil is an alpha/waitlist AI-powered spoon/fork system for consumers that uses embedded sensors and software to track food intake, portion size, bite behavior, meal timing, and nutrition without manual logging. Company: Dallas-based digital health startup developing consumer-facing intelligent utensils for passive nutrition tracking, eating-behavior insights, and mindful eating habits. | Dallas, United States | ||
| Stanford | Stanford smart bandage | Research | Smart textiles, feet, wounds and skin | Smart bandage | Skin patch / adhesive | Academic / Lab | Stanford smart bandage is a smart bandage that measures wound temperature, wound status, inflammation signal, electrical impedance. Company: Research university developing experimental smart-bandage and bioengineering systems. | Stanford, United States | ||
| Stressomic research team | Stressomic sweat biosensor | Research | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Multi-hormone stress wearable | Skin patch / adhesive | Academic / Lab | Stressomic sweat biosensor is a multi-hormone stress wearable that measures cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine. Company: Academic research team behind a wearable sweat biosensor for stress hormones. | Pasadena, United States | ||
| Swift Medical | Swift Ray | Available | Smart textiles, feet, wounds and skin | Portable wound imaging device | Handheld / imaging device | Medical | Swift Ray is a portable wound imaging device used with a mobile/software workflow to visualize bacterial presence, temperature differences, and wound measurements at the point of care; it is an imaging tool, not a skin patch. Company: Wound-care technology company building imaging, documentation, and decision-support tools for wound assessment. | Toronto, Canada | ||
| Tandem Diabetes Care | t:slim X2 / Mobi with Control-IQ | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Automated insulin pump / controller | Body-worn pump | Medical | t:slim X2 and Tandem Mobi with Control-IQ are body-worn insulin pump/controller systems that use compatible external CGM data to adjust basal insulin and correction boluses; they deliver insulin rather than measuring glucose directly. Company: Diabetes technology company making insulin pumps and automated insulin-delivery systems. | San Diego, United States | ||
| Trackle | trackleCatch Zykluscomputer | Available | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Temperature-based fertility tracker | Intra-vaginal / intimate device | Consumer | trackleCatch Zykluscomputer is a vaginal temperature cycle computer that measures core body temperature overnight to support cycle and ovulation tracking. Company: German fertility technology company building a vaginal temperature sensor and cycle tracking service. | Bonn, Germany | ||
| TSI | Quest Edge / OmniWear | Available | Environmental and occupational exposure wearables | Noise exposure dosimeter | Nearable / environmental | B2B / Workplace | Quest Edge / OmniWear is a noise exposure dosimeter that measures noise dose, sound level, time-weighted noise exposure. Company: Measurement-instrument company making occupational exposure and industrial hygiene monitoring tools. | Shoreview, United States | ||
| UC San Diego | Wireless mouthguard sensor | Research | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Saliva mouthguard biomarkers | Mouth-worn | Academic / Lab | Wireless mouthguard sensor is a saliva-sensing mouthguard that measures salivary lactate, salivary cortisol, salivary uric acid. Company: Research university with wearable biosensor work including mouthguard-based saliva sensing. | San Diego, United States | ||
| uHoo | Caeli | Available | Environmental and occupational exposure wearables | Indoor air-quality nearable | Nearable / environmental | ConsumerB2B / Workplace | Caeli is uHoo’s newer home indoor air-quality monitor, tracking nine air-quality indicators including temperature, humidity, PM2.5 dust, VOCs, CO2, CO, air pressure, NO2, and ozone, with smart-home integrations. Company: Indoor air-quality monitoring company building connected sensors for homes, schools, offices, and workplace environments. | Singapore, Singapore | ||
| uHoo | SAM / uHoo Smart Air Monitor | Available | Environmental and occupational exposure wearables | Indoor air-quality nearable | Nearable / environmental | ConsumerB2B / Workplace | SAM, also listed by uHoo as the Smart Air Monitor, is the classic home indoor air-quality monitor that tracks nine essential air-quality factors with app alerts and trend history. Company: Indoor air-quality monitoring company building connected sensors for homes, schools, offices, and workplace environments. | Singapore, Singapore | ||
| uHoo | Aura | Available | Environmental and occupational exposure wearables | Indoor air-quality nearable | Nearable / environmental | B2B / Workplace | Aura is uHoo’s business indoor environmental quality monitor for offices, schools, and buildings, covering air pollutants plus workplace environment factors such as light and sound. Company: Indoor air-quality monitoring company building connected sensors for homes, schools, offices, and workplace environments. | Singapore, Singapore | ||
| Ultrahuman | Ring Air | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Smart rings | Finger / ring | Unclear | Ring Air is a smart ring that measures heart rate, heart-rate variability, skin temperature, sleep duration, sleep stages. Company: Metabolic and recovery wearable company making smart rings and health-tracking devices. | Bengaluru, India | ||
| University of Maryland | Smart Underwear / Human Flatus Atlas | Research | Gut tracking, ingestibles and flatulence | Flatulence measurement underwear | Smart textile / clothing | Academic / Lab | Smart Underwear / Human Flatus Atlas is a flatulence measurement underwear that measures flatus hydrogen, gas events. Company: Research university represented here by experimental flatus-sensing smart underwear work. | College Park, United States | ||
| Vibrant Gastro | Vibrant System | Available | Gut tracking, ingestibles and flatulence | Vibrating constipation capsule | Ingestible capsule | Medical | Vibrant System is a vibrating constipation capsule that delivers timed vibration therapy to stimulate colonic motility and support GI transit response. Company: GI therapeutics company making an ingestible vibrating capsule for chronic constipation. | Austin, United States | ||
| VitalConnect | VitalPatch | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Remote patient monitoring patch | Skin patch / adhesive | MedicalB2B / Workplace | VitalPatch is a disposable wearable biosensor patch for remote and in-hospital monitoring of ECG-derived and vital-sign data. Company: Wearable biosensor company providing wireless patient monitoring for inpatient, outpatient, cardiac-monitoring, and pharmaceutical-study settings. | San Jose, United States | ||
| Vitalthings | Somnofy | Research | Sleep and recovery nearables | Bedside radar sleep monitor | Bedside / room sensor | B2B / WorkplaceAcademic / Lab | Somnofy is a bedside radar nearable that continuously tracks presence, sleep/wake state, sleep stages, disturbances, movement/restlessness, out-of-bed events, average nightly respiratory rate, and bedroom environment signals including sound, light, pressure, air quality, humidity, and temperature. Company: Norwegian health technology company developing proactive contactless monitoring for sleep, respiratory status, elderly care, hospitals, and home care. | Trondheim, Norway | ||
| Vivoo | FlowPad | In development | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Hormone-sensing menstrual pad | Intra-vaginal / intimate device | Consumer | FlowPad is Vivoo’s official coming-soon smart sanitary pad concept for women’s health, using microfluidic sample channels to assess biochemical markers such as FSH and vaginal pH. It is not yet shown as a regular orderable product. Company: At-home wellness testing company building app-connected urine, hydration, and women’s health testing products. | San Francisco, United States | ||
| Vivoo | Vivoo Smart Toilet | Available | Metabolic and biochemical wearables | Urine hydration nearable | Smart toilet / bathroom fixture | Consumer | Vivoo Smart Toilet is a pre-order bathroom nearable that measures hydration from urine during normal toilet use and sends real-time hydration results to the Vivoo app without disposable strips. Company: At-home wellness testing company building app-connected urine, hydration, and women’s health testing products. | San Francisco, United States | ||
| Wahoo | TRACKR HEART RATE | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Chest strap heart-rate monitor | Torso / chest-worn | Consumer | TRACKR HEART RATE is Wahoo’s current chest-strap heart-rate monitor, tracking beats per minute during activity and supporting HRV with compatible apps. Company: Sports technology company making heart-rate monitors, cycling computers, smart trainers, sensors, and training hardware. | Atlanta, United States | ||
| Wahoo | TICKR FIT | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Optical heart-rate armband | Upper-arm / armband | Consumer | TICKR FIT is Wahoo’s optical heart-rate armband, worn on the forearm, that provides heart-rate and calorie-burn data via Bluetooth and ANT+ for fitness apps, smartphones, GPS watches, and bike computers. Company: Sports technology company making heart-rate monitors, cycling computers, smart trainers, sensors, and training hardware. | Atlanta, United States | ||
| Wandercraft | Atalante X | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Rehabilitation exoskeleton | Exoskeleton / robotic wearable | Medical | Atalante X is a powered rehabilitation exoskeleton used for gait training and robotic walking assistance. Company: Robotics company developing self-balancing walking exoskeletons for rehabilitation and mobility support. | Paris, France | ||
| Wesper | Wesper Lab / Wesper Lite | Available | Cardiovascular and clinical monitoring | Wearable home sleep apnea test | Skin patch / adhesive | Medical | Wesper Lab and Wesper Lite are provider-led home sleep apnea tests using wearable wireless patches and PPG-based diagnostics to collect respiratory and sleep data at home. This is a medical sleep-testing pathway, not a general consumer wellness wearable. Company: Sleep diagnostics company offering FDA-cleared home sleep apnea testing, provider workflows, and longitudinal sleep apnea care. | New York, United States | ||
| WHOOP | WHOOP 5.0 / WHOOP MG | Available | Mainstream health and fitness wearables | Recovery / strain bands | Wrist-worn | Unclear | WHOOP 5.0 / WHOOP MG is a recovery and strain band that measures heart rate, heart-rate variability, respiratory rate, sleep duration, sleep stages. Company: Subscription wearable company focused on recovery, strain, sleep, and performance coaching. | Boston, United States | ||
| Willow | Willow Go | Available | Intimate, reproductive and femtech wearables | Wearable breast pump | Torso / chest-worn | Consumer | Willow Go is a wearable breast pump that measures milk volume, pump session timing. Company: Femtech company making wearable breast pumps and app-connected pumping products. | Mountain View, United States | ||
| Withings | Withings Sleep Analyzer | Available | Sleep and recovery nearables | Under-mattress sleep apnea sensor | Under-mattress sensor | Medical | Withings Sleep Analyzer is an under-mattress nearable sensor that tracks sleep, heart rate, snoring, respiratory disturbances, and sleep-apnea-related events without being worn. Company: Connected health company making home health devices, watches, scales, and sleep sensors. | Issy-les-Moulineaux, France | ||
| Xpanceo | XPANCEO smart contact lens prototypes | In development | Eye, ear, brain and sensory wearables | Next-gen smart contact lens | Contact lens / eye | Unclear | XPANCEO is developing smart contact lens prototypes for AR, power, IOP sensing, and biochemical sensing applications. Company: Deep-tech company developing smart contact lenses and advanced optical/electronic lens platforms. | Dubai, United Arab Emirates | ||
| ZenoWell | ZenoWell Vita / ZenoWell Luna | Available | Therapeutic, drug-delivery and augmentation wearables | Ear-worn vagus nerve stimulation | Ear-worn / hearable | Consumer | ZenoWell Vita and Luna are ear-targeted taVNS devices used in short sessions for sleep, relaxation, and nervous-system regulation. Company: Consumer neurotechnology brand selling non-invasive auricular vagus nerve stimulation devices for sleep, relaxation, stress balance, and recovery. | London, United Kingdom |
This market map is a research draft for informational purposes only. Product availability, regulatory status, biomarker claims, company details, and links may change over time and should be independently verified before editorial, clinical, investment, purchasing, or partnership decisions. Nothing here is medical advice or an endorsement of any product or company.
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