Survey of stem cell–based regenerative strategies for repairing osteonecrotic bone, covering clinical evidence and translational challenges.
Key Takeaways
- Mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and blood are clinically applied
- Adding concentrated bone marrow cells to core decompression improves pain and function
- Outcomes remain limited by inconsistent cell quality, nonstandard protocols, and sparse long-term data