Analysis of long-term air pollution exposure and its link to incident cardiovascular disease across preclinical cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages in a Chinese cohort.
Key Takeaways
- Study followed 7,400 adults with CKM stages 0–3 and recorded 1,611 CVD events
- Each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM1 was associated with 14.8% higher CVD risk
- Metabolic syndrome partially mediated pollution-related CVD risk and lower education increased vulnerability