Overcoming xenotransplantation barriers through gene editing and immunomodulation
Comprehensive review addresses porcine xenotransplantation challenges—immune rejection, complement activation, xenozoonosis—and recommends gene editing, targeted immunomodulation, improved graft preservation, endothelial models, antigen identification, and enhanced safety and surveillance to accelerate clinical translation.
Why it mattersNIH-funded xenotransplantation advances using genetically engineered porcine organs demand regulators to update clinical trial safeguards.